{"id":908,"date":"2021-04-19T06:15:02","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T04:15:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=908"},"modified":"2021-04-19T08:45:01","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T06:45:01","slug":"ve-ctvrtek-a-v-patek-vrcholi-meteoricky-roj-lyridy-nasledovat-je-bude-superuplnek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ve-ctvrtek-a-v-patek-vrcholi-meteoricky-roj-lyridy-nasledovat-je-bude-superuplnek\/","title":{"rendered":"Ve \u010dtvrtek a v p\u00e1tek vrchol\u00ed meteorick\u00fd roj Lyridy. N\u00e1sledovat je bude \u201esuper\u00fapln\u011bk\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Maximum<\/a>
Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Lyridy v roce 2020 nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ve \u010dtvrtek 22. a v\u00a0p\u00e1tek 23. dubna \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no bude mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhl\u00ed\u017eet nejv\u00edce meteor\u016f z\u00a0ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho meteorick\u00e9ho roje Lyridy. Tyto lidov\u011b zvan\u00e9 \u201epadaj\u00edc\u00ed hv\u011bzdy\u201c jsou v\u00a0zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 z\u00e1nikem ledo-prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic uvoln\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00a0j\u00e1dra komety C\/1861 G1 (Thatcher). B\u011bhem maxima lze uz\u0159\u00edt 10-15 meteor\u016f na tmav\u00e9 obloze daleko od velk\u00fdch m\u011bst a \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, v\u017edy v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem. O necel\u00fd t\u00fdden pozd\u011bji n\u00e1s tak\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1 jeden ze dvou \u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u00fapl\u0148k\u016f v\u00a0roce.<\/p>\n

Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v Opav\u011b z 19. dubna 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n

Meteorick\u00fd roj je jev<\/strong>, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m proud \u010d\u00e1stic meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edho prachu (odborn\u011b meteoroid\u016f) k\u0159i\u017euje zemskou dr\u00e1hu a tyto \u010d\u00e1stice se pak p\u0159i pr\u016fletu zemskou atmosf\u00e9rou t\u0159ou o molekuly vzduchu, postupn\u011b se vypa\u0159uj\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed za sebou z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed stopu. Vznikaj\u00ed z\u00e1blesky, kter\u00e9 se odborn\u011b naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed meteory, lidov\u011b \u201epadaj\u00edc\u00ed hv\u011bzdy\u201c nebo \u201el\u00e9tavice\u201c.<\/p>\n

Meteory ze souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Lyry<\/h4>\n

N\u00e1zev roje Lyridy<\/strong> poch\u00e1z\u00ed od n\u00e1zvu souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Lyry<\/em>, z n\u011bho\u017e meteory po v\u011bt\u0161inu doby aktivity roje zd\u00e1nliv\u011b vyl\u00e9taj\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Lyrid le\u017e\u00ed toto m\u00edsto \u2013 radiant \u2013 asi 8 stup\u0148\u016f z\u00e1padn\u011b od jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hv\u011bzd oblohy \u2013 Vega ze souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Lyry<\/em>. Na dubnov\u00e9 obloze stoup\u00e1 souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Lyry i s\u00a0jasnou hv\u011bzdou vysoko nad obzor a\u017e k\u00a0r\u00e1nu, ale \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b je pozorovateln\u00e9 celou noc. \u00a0V\u00a0dob\u011b maxima roje, tedy na konci dubna, je nejv\u00fd\u0161e po 5. hodin\u011b rann\u00ed, tedy a\u017e za rozb\u0159esku. Radiant meteorick\u00e9ho roje v na\u0161ich zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch dos\u00e1hne v\u00fd\u0161ky nad 70\u00b0 nad obzorem. D\u00edky tomu lze v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pozorovat maximum roje s \u010detnost\u00ed a\u017e 15 meteor\u016f v\u00a0hodin\u011b v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch<\/strong> (tehdy v\u011bt\u0161ina meteor\u016f zaz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nad obzorem, jen m\u00e1lo z nich pod n\u00edm).<\/p>\n

\"Maximum<\/a>
Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Lyridy v roce 2020 nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou s vyzna\u010den\u00fdm souhv\u011bzd\u00edm Lyry, hv\u011bzdou Vega a radiantem roje. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dlouhoperiodick\u00e1 kometa a ob\u010dasn\u00e9 \u201emeteorick\u00e9 spr\u0161ky\u201c<\/h4>\n

Prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o roji Lyridy<\/strong> poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z roku 1863, kdy si roj astronomov\u00e9 spojili s\u00a0kometou C\/1861 G1 (Thatcher).<\/strong> Pr\u00e1v\u011b n\u00e1vrat komety v\u00a0roce 1861 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed aktivity roje Lyridy o dva roky pozd\u011bji donutily astronomy zap\u00e1trat po dal\u0161\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00edch tohoto roje v\u00a0minulosti. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00fd projev Lyrid se odehr\u00e1l u\u017e v\u00a0roce 1803, historicky nejd\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed dokonce u\u017e z 23. b\u0159ezna 687 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Jde tak o historicky v\u016fbec nejd\u00e9le zaznamenan\u00fd roj v\u00a0historii lidstva. Samotn\u00e1 kometa se ke Slunci vrac\u00ed jednou za p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 415 let, znovu se jej\u00edho n\u00e1vratu do\u010dkaj\u00ed a\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed generace v\u00a0roce 2283.<\/p>\n

U roje je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee ob\u010das m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u201espr\u0161ky\u201c.<\/strong> Z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 frekvence meteor\u016f (10-15 za hodinu) aktivita prudce vzroste na n\u011bkolik stovek meteor\u016f v\u00a0hodin\u011b. To byl p\u0159\u00edpad roku 1803, kdy hodinov\u00e1 frekvence vystoupala na 700 meteor\u016f. Ve 20. stolet\u00ed se podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady odehr\u00e1ly v\u00a0letech 1922 a 1982. O n\u011bco men\u0161\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed aktivity pak nastalo v\u00a0roce 2000. Astronomov\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee podobn\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed aktivity Lyrid se do\u010dk\u00e1me i ve\u00a021. stolet\u00ed, a to ji\u017e v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9m z\u00a0rok\u016f v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch. Pro p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f je ale pot\u0159eba d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Lyrid p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m jejich maximu \u2013 pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed aktivity roje umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed modelov\u00e1n\u00ed hustoty proudu prachov\u00fd \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 Lyridy zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Letos sp\u00ed\u0161e hor\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/h4>\n
\"Maximum<\/a>
Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Lyridy v roce 2020 nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Lyridy maj\u00ed letos sp\u00ed\u0161e hor\u0161\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Maximum je p\u0159edpov\u011bzeno na 22. dubna v\u00a015 hodin st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9ho letn\u00edho \u010dasu, tedy je\u0161t\u011b za b\u00edl\u00e9ho dne. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed ale Lyridy pat\u0159\u00ed mezi roje, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed maximum p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ostr\u00e9, a tak zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jeho aktivity lze sledovat i n\u011bkolik hodin p\u0159ed maximem \u010di po n\u011bm.<\/strong> Zem\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 proch\u00e1zet proudem meteoroid\u016f u\u017e 16. dubna a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dal\u0161\u00edch dn\u00ed aktivita pozvoln\u011b stoup\u00e1. Posledn\u00ed meteory roje lze spat\u0159it je\u0161t\u011b 25. dubna. Roj se tedy vyplat\u00ed pozorovat zejm\u00e9na r\u00e1no p\u0159ed maximem nebo a po n\u011bm. Z\u00a0d\u016fvodu jasn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159e M\u011bs\u00edce a v\u00fd\u0161ky radiantu roje je letos nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyhl\u00ed\u017eet Lyridy ve \u010dtvrtek 22. a p\u00e1tek 23. dubna v\u017edy mezi 2. a 5 hodinou rann\u00ed.<\/strong> V\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky nastanou a\u017e v\u00a0roce 2023.<\/p>\n

K pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed roje si kv\u016fli dobr\u00e9mu rozhledu vyberte m\u00edsto <\/strong>co nejm\u00e9n\u011b ru\u0161en\u00e9 stromy \u010di domy, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak co nejd\u00e1le od sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z m\u011bst<\/strong> (uvid\u00edte tak i slab\u0161\u00ed meteory). Nejl\u00e9pe se \u00fakaz sleduje vle\u017ee – doporu\u010dujeme tedy n\u011bjak\u00e9 leh\u00e1tko \u010di karimatku. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba nepodcenit chladn\u00e9 dubnov\u00e9 noci, tak\u017ee se vybavte co nejteplej\u0161\u00edm oble\u010den\u00edm, spac\u00e1kem \u010di n\u011bkolika dekami. B\u011bhem dubnov\u00fdch noc\u00ed je tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba po\u010d\u00edtat s mo\u017en\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem inverz\u00ed, proto je nejlep\u0161\u00ed vydat se do hor. D\u00e1le u\u017e nen\u00ed t\u0159eba nic \u2013 meteory padaj\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u011b po cel\u00e9 obloze. Tak\u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed up\u0159\u00edt zrak do libovoln\u00e9 oblasti oblohy a \u010dekat na z\u00e1blesk prvn\u00edho meteoru.<\/p>\n

Snadn\u00fd c\u00edl pro fotografy<\/h4>\n

\u00dakaz m\u016f\u017eete i fotografovat. Rozhodn\u011b v\u00e1m ale neposta\u010d\u00ed pouh\u00fd kompaktn\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1t do ruky. V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je t\u0159eba fotoapar\u00e1t ustavit na n\u011bjak\u00fd stativ a nam\u00ed\u0159it do vybran\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti oblohy. V\u00e1\u0161 fotoapar\u00e1t mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopen sn\u00edmat i n\u011bkolikasekundov\u00e9 expozice (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b umo\u017enit manu\u00e1ln\u011b ovl\u00e1dat uz\u00e1v\u011brku na libovolnou dobu, obecn\u011b je to ozna\u010deno p\u00edsmenem \u201eB\u201c). Jestli\u017ee tyto p\u0159edpoklady va\u0161e fotografick\u00e1 v\u00fdbava spl\u0148uje, pak sta\u010d\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu noci v n\u00e1hodnou dobu nam\u00ed\u0159it objektiv k obloze, otev\u0159\u00edt uz\u00e1v\u011brku (\u010di spustit co nejdel\u0161\u00ed expozici) a \u010dekat, \u017ee ve hv\u011bzdn\u00e9m poli, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1\u0161 fotoapar\u00e1t pr\u00e1v\u011b zab\u00edr\u00e1, prolet\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed meteor. Na sn\u00edmku se pak projev\u00ed jako \u00fazk\u00e1 sv\u011bteln\u00e1 stopa, n\u011bkdy i s ob\u010dasn\u00fdmi zjasn\u011bn\u00edmi. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b velkou v\u00fdhodou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sv\u011bteln\u00fd \u0161iroko\u00fahl\u00fd objektiv, s jeho\u017e pou\u017eit\u00edm se p\u0159i krat\u0161\u00edch expozic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neprojev\u00ed rotace Zem\u011b (hv\u011bzdy se nebudou jevit jako mal\u00e9 oblou\u010dky, ale body) a zaberete v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st oblohy, tud\u00ed\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edte \u0161anci k zachycen\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 meteorick\u00e9 stopy. Mimo meteor\u016f je v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch tak\u00e9 u\u017e dob\u0159e vid\u011bt letn\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha a planety Jupiter se Saturnem.<\/p>\n

Ve zbytku jara dva \u201esuper\u00fapl\u0148ky\u201c a prach z Halleyovy komety<\/h4>\n
\"Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>
Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho a nejmen\u0161\u00edho \u00fapl\u0148ku v roce 2018. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Do konce dubna a v\u00a0kv\u011btnu n\u00e1s \u010dekaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u00fakazy. V\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd 27. dubna v\u00a05:33 SEL\u010c nastane lidov\u011b zvan\u00fd \u201esuper\u00fapln\u011bk\u201c<\/strong> \u2013 M\u011bs\u00edc bude v\u00a0\u00fapl\u0148ku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pobl\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed (to se odehraje o necel\u00fdch 11 hodin pozd\u011bji ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 357 378 km). \u00dapln\u011bk tak bude \u00fahlov\u011b jedn\u00edm z \u00fahlov\u011b\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00a0tomto roce.<\/p>\n

Na kv\u011btov\u00e9 obloze vrchol\u00ed meteorick\u00fd roj \u03b7-Aquaridy. <\/strong>Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v noci 5. \/6. kv\u011btna 2021<\/strong>, kdy bude roj \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no (okolo 5. hodiny rann\u00ed) vrcholit a M\u011bs\u00edc bude ve f\u00e1zi jen 5 dn\u00ed p\u0159ed novem, tak\u017ee nebude skoro ru\u0161it sv\u00fdm svitem. Meteory jsou pom\u011brn\u011b rychl\u00e9 a l\u00e9taj\u00ed v nemal\u00e9 \u010detnosti, ale bohu\u017eel sp\u00ed\u0161e nad pozorovateli pobl\u00ed\u017e rovn\u00edku. U n\u00e1s souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Vodn\u00e1\u0159e, v n\u011bm\u017e radiant roje le\u017e\u00ed, vych\u00e1z\u00ed v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b noci jen n\u00edzko nad obzor, m\u016f\u017eeme tak spat\u0159it zhruba 10 meteor\u016f za hodinu. Zanikaj\u00edc\u00ed ledo-prachov\u00e1 zrnka poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze slavn\u00e9 Halleyovy komety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00dapln\u011bk ve st\u0159edu 26. kv\u011btna<\/strong> nastane ve 13:15 (kdy z\u00e1rove\u0148 prob\u011bhne \u00fapln\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce, bohu\u017eel u n\u00e1s pod obzorem) a bude \u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0tomto roce. M\u011bs\u00edc v\u0161ak bude nejbl\u00ed\u017ee k\u00a0Zemi u\u017e ve 3:53 r\u00e1no<\/strong> (tedy v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch p\u0159ed z\u00e1padem M\u011bs\u00edce) ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 357 309 km. P\u0159ed z\u00e1padem M\u011bs\u00edce \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no tedy budeme pozorovat lidov\u011b zvan\u00fd \u201esuper\u00fapln\u011bk\u201c. Stejn\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00fd ov\u0161em bude i v\u00fdchod M\u011bs\u00edce kr\u00e1tce po \u00fapl\u0148ku toho dne ve\u010der.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdchod<\/a>
V\u00fdchod kv\u011btnov\u00e9ho \u00fapl\u0148ku za Kun\u011btickou horou u Pardubic. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Zdroje a dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 odkazy:<\/h4>\n

[1] Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed meteorick\u00e1 Organizace IMO<\/a>
\n[2] Stellarium (program)<\/a>
\n[3] Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 \u00fakazy v\u00a0roce 2021<\/a> (Petr Hor\u00e1lek)
\n[4] Lyridy 2020 nad Se\u010d\u00ed<\/a> (Petr Hor\u00e1lek)
\n[5] Fourmilab.ch<\/a> \u2013 \u00fapl\u0148ky a data p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce<\/p>\n

Kontakty a dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h4>\n

Bc. Petr Hor\u00e1lek<\/strong>
\nPR v\u00fdstup\u016f evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f F\u00da SU v Opav\u011b<\/em>
\nEmail: petr.horalek@slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420\u00a0732\u00a0826\u00a0853<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>doc. RNDr. Gabriel T\u00f6r\u00f6k, Ph.D.
\n<\/strong>Garant evropsk\u00e9ho projektu HR Award<\/em>
\nEmail: gabriel.torok@physics.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420\u00a0737\u00a0928\u00a0755<\/p>\n

prof. RNDr. Zden\u011bk Stuchl\u00edk, CSc.
\n<\/strong>\u0158editel Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu SU v Opav\u011b<\/em>
\nEmail: zdenek.stuchlik@physics.slu.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve \u010dtvrtek 22. a v\u00a0p\u00e1tek 23. dubna \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no bude mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhl\u00ed\u017eet nejv\u00edce meteor\u016f z\u00a0ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho meteorick\u00e9ho roje Lyridy. Tyto lidov\u011b zvan\u00e9 \u201epadaj\u00edc\u00ed hv\u011bzdy\u201c jsou v\u00a0zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 z\u00e1nikem ledo-prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic uvoln\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00a0j\u00e1dra komety C\/1861 G1 (Thatcher). B\u011bhem maxima lze uz\u0159\u00edt 10-15 meteor\u016f na tmav\u00e9 obloze daleko od velk\u00fdch m\u011bst a \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, v\u017edy v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem. 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