{"id":3298,"date":"2025-08-13T17:47:22","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T15:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=3298"},"modified":"2025-08-13T17:47:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T15:47:22","slug":"na-pardubicku-byla-dnes-zachycena-mezinarodni-kosmicka-stanice-pred-sluncem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2025\/08\/13\/na-pardubicku-byla-dnes-zachycena-mezinarodni-kosmicka-stanice-pred-sluncem\/","title":{"rendered":"Na Pardubicku byla dnes zachycena Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 stanice p\u0159ed Sluncem"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed<\/a>
Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 stanice ISS p\u0159ed Sluncem 13. srpna 2025 z obce Hab\u0159inky na Pardubicku. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek, F\u00da SLU v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ve st\u0159edu 13. srpna 2025 do\u0161lo na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska op\u011bt k\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b pozoruhodn\u00e9mu jevu: V\u00a0\u00fazk\u00e9m p\u00e1su bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 na zlomek sekundy zachytit p\u0159ed Sluncem siluetu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice ISS za velmi p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. K\u00a0\u00fakazu sice doch\u00e1z\u00ed na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed i n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t do m\u011bs\u00edce, ale v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byla ISS b\u011bhem jevu velmi vysoko a tedy \u00fahlov\u011b dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1, aby se daly zachytit detaily jako sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moduly. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b se jev poda\u0159ilo na Pardubicku zachytit Petru Hor\u00e1lkovi z\u00a0opavsk\u00e9ho Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastav.<\/p>\n

Po letn\u00edm slunovratu, kter\u00fd nastal 21. \u010dervna, se Slunce je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le dost\u00e1v\u00e1 v poledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch dosti vysoko nad obzor. S t\u00edmto faktem souvis\u00ed i mo\u017enost zachytit tmavou siluetu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice ISS p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00ed mate\u0159skou hv\u011bzdou v\u00a0\u00fahlov\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed velikosti. Jak Slunce kolem prav\u00e9ho poledne (kolem 13. hodiny odpoledne SEL\u010c) vystoup\u00e1 nejv\u00fd\u0161e, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eletu se ISS p\u0159ed n\u011bj prom\u00edt\u00e1 v nejmen\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti (m\u00e9n\u011b jak 500 km) od n\u00e1s a \u00fahlov\u011b je proto nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Zachytit p\u0159elet kosmick\u00e9 stanice tak mohou nad\u0161enci ve spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das a na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b i na men\u0161\u00ed teleobjektivy p\u0159es bezpe\u010dn\u00fd filtr. Ve st\u0159edu 13. srpna 2025 se to poda\u0159ilo Petru Hor\u00e1lkovi z Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v Opav\u011b. \u00dakaz pozoroval z\u00a0Hab\u0159inky nedaleko Lazn\u00ed Bohdane\u010d, na slune\u010dn\u00edm disku se nav\u00edc krom ISS daly zaznamenat i \u010detn\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed skvrny.<\/p>\n

\"Poloha<\/a>
Poloha pozroovac\u00edho m\u00edsta p\u0159eletu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice ISS v Hranice na Vyso\u010din\u011b. Zdroj: Transit-Finder.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 stanice (Interntional Space Station \u2013 ISS) m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rozm\u011bru 108 metr\u016f a ob\u00edh\u00e1 asi 400 km nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem.<\/strong>\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159el\u00e9t\u00e1-li na zvolen\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v nadhlavn\u00edku, le\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b asi 400 km nad na\u0161imi hlavami a v t\u00e9 dob\u011b dosahuje velikosti n\u011bco p\u0159es 60 \u00fahlov\u00fdch vte\u0159in. P\u0159i takov\u00e9 \u00fahlov\u00e9 velikosti lze u\u017e mal\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji uvid\u011bt z\u00e1kladn\u00ed struktury, tedy sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely a konstrukci z jednotliv\u00fdch modul\u016f. Aby ale ISS st\u00e1le setrv\u00e1vala na sv\u00e9 orbit\u011b a nespadla na Zemi (\u010di naopak neulet\u011bla do hlubok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru), mus\u00ed se pohybovat specifickou rychlost\u00ed, tzv. prvn\u00ed kosmickou, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0jej\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ce nad Zem\u00ed \u010din\u00ed 7,66 km\/s.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i takov\u00e9 rychlosti ISS ob\u011bhne Zemi jednou za p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 minut a tady nast\u00e1v\u00e1 pro fotografy nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017e: Zaznamenat ji za rychl\u00e9ho letu nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9. Jako jedna z cest se p\u0159itom nab\u00edz\u00ed velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed metoda dostat se do p\u0159edem vypo\u010dten\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, ze kter\u00e9ho se jej\u00ed pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se silueta nakr\u00e1tko objev\u00ed p\u0159ed jasn\u00fdm slune\u010dn\u00edm diskem. Pokud ale chceme kosmickou stanici vyfotografovat p\u0159ed Sluncem \u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, mus\u00edme ji zaznamen\u00e1vat v dob\u011b maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky Slunce i ISS nad obzorem a v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b stanice \u00fahlov\u011b nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed. Takov\u00fd p\u0159elet p\u0159ed diskem na\u0161\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy trv\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b jak 1 sekundu!<\/p>\n

\"Parametry<\/a>
Parametry p\u0159eletu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice ISS na zvolen\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na Vyso\u010din\u011b. Zdroj: Transit-Finder.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed 13. srpna 2025 nedaleko obce Hab\u0159inka (u L\u00e1zn\u011b Bohdane\u010d) prob\u00edhalo podle p\u0159edpov\u011bdi<\/strong>, kterou umo\u017enil server\u00a0Transit-Finder.com<\/a>. Ten d\u00e1v\u00e1 informace o nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159eletech nejen ISS, ale tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 stanice Tiangong nebo Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu p\u0159ed Sluncem i M\u011bs\u00edcem. Je t\u0159eba ale sledovat p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b, nebo\u0165 dr\u00e1ha ISS i dal\u0161\u00edch objekt\u016f se neust\u00e1le koriguje a p\u0159elet tak m\u016f\u017ee nastat po korekci dr\u00e1hy i o n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f jinde, ne\u017e bylo na str\u00e1nce uvedeno o n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve. Pro sobotn\u00ed p\u0159elet p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f ud\u00e1vala \u010das p\u0159eletu na zvolen\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b 13:03:25 SEL\u010c a ISS v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byla 507,96 km daleko od m\u00edsta pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Samotn\u00fd p\u0159elet p\u0159itom trval pouh\u00fdch 0,65 sekundy! Na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed byl pou\u017eit dalekohled o pr\u016fm\u011bru 0,25m a apar\u00e1t Nikon Z6III s vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brkou. D\u00edky p\u0159\u00edzni po\u010das\u00ed se cel\u00fd \u00fakaz poda\u0159ilo zachytit velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b, a to proti Slunci, na n\u011bm\u017e je v t\u011bchto m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch tak\u00e9 mnoho slune\u010dn\u00edch skvrn kv\u016fli jeho vzr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed aktivit\u011b.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed si m\u016f\u017ee v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech zkusit ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo disponuje alespo\u0148 400mm objektivem<\/strong>. K \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu z\u00e1znamu je d\u00e1le zapot\u0159eb\u00ed pevn\u00fd stativ, kabelov\u00e1 spou\u0161\u0165 a tak\u00e9 vhodn\u00fd slune\u010dn\u00ed filtr (nejv\u00edce osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e1 je f\u00f3lie AstroSolar od firmy Baader, speci\u00e1ln\u011b vyvinuta pr\u00e1v\u011b pro tento \u00fa\u010del). Fotograf si nejd\u0159\u00edve\u00a0z webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/a>\u00a0zjist\u00ed, kdy a kde v jeho okol\u00ed (do dojezdov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a\u017e 200 km) m\u00e1 k n\u011bjak\u00e9mu takov\u00e9mu p\u0159eletu doj\u00edt. Mus\u00ed si p\u0159itom vybrat takov\u00fd \u00fakaz, kde \u00fahlov\u00e1 velikost stanice u\u017e p\u0159esahuje 50 \u00fahlov\u00fdch vte\u0159in \u2013 v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u017e lze zaznamenat i sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed ohniskov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti (okolo 400 mm).<\/p>\n

\"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed<\/a>
Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 stanice ISS p\u0159ed Sluncem 13. srpna 2025 z obce Hab\u0159inky na Pardubicku. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek, F\u00da SLU v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Petr<\/a>
Petr Hor\u00e1lek u pozorovac\u00ed sestavy kr\u00e1tce po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m zachycen\u00ed ISS. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opav\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tyto p\u0159elety logicky nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed v \u010dasech okolo prav\u00e9ho poledne. Pak u\u017e jen sta\u010d\u00ed podle p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na podle p\u0159edpov\u011bzen\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu obla\u010dnosti, vyrazit na nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed m\u00edsto. Na m\u00edst\u011b je pak t\u0159eba manu\u00e1ln\u011b doost\u0159it objektiv nap\u0159\u00edklad podle slune\u010dn\u00edho okraje (ji\u017e p\u0159es bezpe\u010dn\u00fd filtr!) a zvolit expozici ne del\u0161\u00ed jak 1\/1000 sekundy. Pro ohniska v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jak 600 mm u\u017e je pot\u0159eba volit expozici je\u0161t\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed, alespo\u0148 1\/2000 sekundy. To proto, \u017ee kosmick\u00e1 stanice se \u00fahlov\u011b pohybuje opravdu rychle a na del\u0161\u00edch expozic\u00edch by se jevila rozmazan\u00e1. A\u017e v z\u00e1vislosti na expozici pak vol\u00edme ISO (co nejmen\u0161\u00ed, ale takov\u00e9, aby sn\u00edmek nebyl podexponovan\u00fd) a clonu nech\u00e1me co nejv\u00edce otev\u0159enou. Na apar\u00e1tu je nutn\u00e9 nastavit sekven\u010dn\u00ed sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je pak p\u0159esn\u00e1 \u010dasom\u00edra, podle kter\u00e9 za\u010dneme sekven\u010dn\u011b sn\u00edmat ide\u00e1ln\u011b jen sekundu p\u0159ed samotn\u00fdm \u00fakazem, aby nedo\u0161lo k p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00ed karty p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu vybit\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru fotoapar\u00e1tu. Podobn\u011b lze pak pl\u00e1novat z\u00e1znamy p\u0159elet\u016f kosmick\u00e9 stanice p\u0159ed \u00fapl\u0148kem, ale to a\u017e v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, kdy je naopak M\u011bs\u00edc ve f\u00e1zi okolo \u00fapl\u0148ku nejv\u00fd\u0161e nad obzorem. Pokud pozorovatel disponuje apar\u00e1tem umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1znam 4K videa, m\u00e1 smysl \u00fakaz nat\u00e1\u010det a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd obraz vygenerovat z jednotliv\u00fdch fram\u016f videa.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 upozorn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong>\u00a0P\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m pohledu do Slunce je nezbytn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt bezpe\u010dn\u00fd filtr, jinak hroz\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku.<\/p>\n

\"Pozorovac\u00ed<\/a>
Pozorovac\u00ed sestava pro zachycen\u00ed ISS. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opav\u011b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kontakty a dal\u0161\u00ed informace:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mgr. Petr Hor\u00e1lek<\/strong>
\nPR v\u00fdstup\u016f evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f F\u00da SU v\u00a0Opav\u011b
\n<\/em>Email:\u00a0petr.horalek@slu.cz
\n<\/a>Telefon: +420\u00a0732\u00a0826\u00a0853<\/p>\n

RNDr. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Gr\u00e1f,\u00a0Ph.D.<\/strong>
\nFyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav SU v<\/em>\u202f<\/em>Opav\u011b,\u00a0vedouc\u00ed\u00a0observato\u0159e WHOO! a Unisf\u00e9ry<\/em>
\nEmail:\u00a0tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420 734 268\u00a0124<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve st\u0159edu 13. srpna 2025 do\u0161lo na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska op\u011bt k\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b pozoruhodn\u00e9mu jevu: V\u00a0\u00fazk\u00e9m p\u00e1su bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 na zlomek sekundy zachytit p\u0159ed Sluncem siluetu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice ISS za velmi p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. K\u00a0\u00fakazu sice doch\u00e1z\u00ed na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed i n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t do m\u011bs\u00edce, ale v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byla ISS b\u011bhem jevu velmi vysoko a tedy \u00fahlov\u011b dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1, aby se daly zachytit detaily jako sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moduly. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b se jev poda\u0159ilo na Pardubicku zachytit Petru Hor\u00e1lkovi z\u00a0opavsk\u00e9ho Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastav.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3300,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,27,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-clanky","category-ukazy"],"yoast_head":"\nNa Pardubicku byla dnes zachycena Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 stanice p\u0159ed Sluncem - Astro-novinky.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2025\/08\/13\/na-pardubicku-byla-dnes-zachycena-mezinarodni-kosmicka-stanice-pred-sluncem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Na Pardubicku byla dnes zachycena Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 stanice p\u0159ed Sluncem - Astro-novinky.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ve st\u0159edu 13. srpna 2025 do\u0161lo na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska op\u011bt k\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b pozoruhodn\u00e9mu jevu: V\u00a0\u00fazk\u00e9m p\u00e1su bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 na zlomek sekundy zachytit p\u0159ed Sluncem siluetu Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice ISS za velmi p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. 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