{"id":3248,"date":"2025-06-05T09:50:59","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T07:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=3248"},"modified":"2025-06-05T09:51:37","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T07:51:37","slug":"zacina-sezona-nocnich-sviticich-oblak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2025\/06\/05\/zacina-sezona-nocnich-sviticich-oblak\/","title":{"rendered":"Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 sez\u00f3na No\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch oblak"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"No\u010dn\u00ed<\/a>
No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka nad Laboe v N\u011bmecku 21. \u010dervna 2019. Foto: Matthias S\u00fc\u00dfen\/Wiki.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Od po\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dervna p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do poloviny \u010dervence se z \u00fazem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy nask\u00fdt\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b mo\u017enost vyhl\u00ed\u017eet nezvykl\u00fd typ obla\u010dnosti, tzv. No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka (zkratka NLC z anglick\u00e9ho Noctilucent Clouds). Oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm oblak\u016fm se NLC nach\u00e1zej\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysoko, zhruba 85 km nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem a p\u0159es den nejsou v\u016fbec vid\u011bt. Pozorovateln\u00e9 se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen za soumraku nebo za \u00fasvitu d\u00edky jejich nasv\u011btlen\u00ed Sluncem, kter\u00e9 se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed hluboko pod obzorem a oblaky tak vynikaj\u00ed jako b\u011blav\u00e9, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u00e9 \u010di elektricky modr\u00e9 z\u00e1voje n\u00edzko nad severn\u00edm obzorem proti tmav\u00e9 obloze. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuj\u00ed v t\u00fddnech okolo letn\u00edho slunovratu, kter\u00fd letos p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 21. \u010dervna. Pokud jsou v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, daj\u00ed se zaznamenat i na apar\u00e1ty chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f.<\/p>\n

V t\u00fddnech okolo letn\u00edho slunovratu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 obla\u010dnosti<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161ce maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 15 kilometr\u016f (u bou\u0159kov\u00fdch oblak vz\u00e1cn\u011b a\u017e 20 kilometr\u016f), se No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00fd\u0161 \u2013 v mezosf\u00e9\u0159e asi 85 kilometr\u016f nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem<\/strong>. \u0158\u00eddk\u00e1 oblaka se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pouze tehdy, je-li v mezosf\u00e9\u0159e ust\u00e1len\u00e1 teplota okolo -130\u00b0, co\u017e se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v obdob\u00ed letn\u00edho slunovratu (na severn\u00ed polokouli tedy v t\u00fddnech okolo 21. \u010dervna). Prvn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed oblak poch\u00e1z\u00ed z konce 19. stolet\u00ed, rozvoj digit\u00e1ln\u00ed fotografick\u00e9 techniky zejm\u00e9na v posledn\u00edch letech je umo\u017enil zaznamen\u00e1vat snadno a \u010detn\u011b po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivit\u011b je i mal\u00e1 \u0161ance, \u017ee se zada\u0159\u00ed je zaznamenat spolu s mo\u017en\u00fdmi pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi z\u00e1\u0159emi.<\/p>\n

Sopky, meteory i zm\u011bna klimatu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"No\u010dn\u00ed<\/a>
No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka nad Uppsalou ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku 11. \u010dervence 2014. Foto: Gofororbit\/Wiki.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

No\u010dn\u00ed oblaka vznikaj\u00ed nabalov\u00e1n\u00edm ledov\u00fdch krystalk\u016f na prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 v t\u00e9to v\u00fd\u0161ce zanechal meteorick\u00fd prach, sope\u010dn\u00e9 erupce (velk\u00fd v\u00fdskyt NLC v posledn\u00edch letech zp\u016fsobil i materi\u00e1l z erupce sopky Tonga<\/a>) nebo i pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 \u010dinnost lid\u00ed. Led se v t\u00e9to v\u00fd\u0161ce vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm reakc\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho kysl\u00edku s vod\u00edkem pod vlivem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u010di fotochemick\u00fdm rozpadem metanu. Vloni se tak\u00e9 spekulovalo, \u017ee za jejich v\u00fdskytem stoj\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00fd po\u010det start\u016f raket zejm\u00e9na Falcon Heavy spole\u010dnosti SpaceX<\/a>. Tato spekulace ov\u0161em nebyla doposud potvrzena. Zcela jist\u011b za v\u00fdskytem oblak ale stoj\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 \u010dinnost: NLC se v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce za\u010daly objevovat na nebi od roku 1885, tedy v pr\u016fb\u011bhu pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce. Podle ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed (nap\u0159. v Geophysical Research Letters<\/a>) vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt No\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch oblak \u00fazce souvis\u00ed i s urychluj\u00edc\u00ed se zm\u011bnou klimatu.<\/p>\n

Vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte za soumraku a za \u00fasvitu<\/strong><\/p>\n

No\u010dn\u00ed oblaky p\u0159\u00edmo nesv\u00edt\u00ed, ale rozptyluj\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ze Slunce nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho se pod obzorem. <\/strong>Proto\u017ee oblaky le\u017e\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161ce okolo 85 km, d\u00e1 se snadno spo\u010d\u00edtat, \u017ee Slunce mus\u00ed le\u017eet v hloubce asi 6\u00b0-16\u00b0 pod obzorem, tedy v dob\u011b, kdy u\u017e je u n\u00e1s hlubok\u00fd soumrak. V na\u0161ich zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch je m\u016f\u017eeme v \u010dervnu a prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b \u010dervence vyhl\u00ed\u017eet mezi 22. hodinou a p\u016flnoc\u00ed, nebo r\u00e1no mezi 2. a 4. hodinou (letn\u00edho st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9ho \u010dasu), a to v\u017edy na severu, resp. mezi severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm a severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem. Jejich v\u00fdskyt se nikdy ned\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt dop\u0159edu, je tedy nutn\u00e9 v tomto obdob\u00ed a ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch \u010dasech vyhl\u00ed\u017eet do sm\u011br\u016f, kde se mohou objevit. Je tak\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt co nejl\u00e9pe odkryt\u00fd severn\u00ed obzor.<\/p>\n

\"No\u010dn\u00ed<\/a>
No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka 23. \u010dervna 2024 nad obc\u00ed Z\u00e1hradn\u00e9 na v\u00fdchod\u011b Slovenska. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Prvn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z Jesen\u00edku<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"No\u010dn\u00ed<\/a>
No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka 4. \u010dervna 2025 z Jesen\u00edku. Foto: Pavel Kl\u00e1sek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Leto\u0161n\u00ed sez\u00f3na No\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch oblak v \u010cesku a na Slovensku ji\u017e za\u010dala. Prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010dinil astronom a fotograf Pavel Kl\u00e1sek z Jesen\u00edku, a to ve st\u0159edu 4. \u010dervna 2025 okolo 3:35 r\u00e1no letn\u00edho st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Oblaky byly toho r\u00e1na pozorovateln\u00e9 n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek minut proti prakticky \u010dist\u00e9 obloze, patrn\u00e9 byly i p\u0159i pohledu pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima. Ostatn\u011b ne v\u017edy jsou NLC v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u2013 n\u011bkdy je zaznamen\u00e1 jen apar\u00e1t. V posledn\u00edch letech ale nastaly i takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se NLC nad na\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm vyskytly prakticky po cel\u00e9 obloze a byly tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, \u017ee je lid\u00e9 snadno zaznamenali i z centra v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst. S pam\u00e1tn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady jsme se setkali nap\u0159\u00edklad 21. \u010dervna 2019<\/a> nebo 5. \u010dervence 2020<\/a>. Podrobnou statistiku pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed NLC nad na\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm vedenou Tom\u00e1\u0161em Tr\u017eick\u00fdm z \u010cesk\u00e9 astronomick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017eete naj\u00edt na webu ukazy.astro.cz\/nlc-pozorovani.php<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Jak o n\u011b nep\u0159ij\u00edt? Pomohou online webkamery<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nebo\u0165 v\u00fdskyt oblak nen\u00ed pro ka\u017edou noc jist\u00fd, je proto t\u0159eba neust\u00e1le vyhl\u00ed\u017eet v inkriminovan\u00fdch \u010dasech oblast okolo severn\u00edho obzoru, nebo sledovat webkamery<\/a> sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed t\u00edm sm\u011brem. V \u010cesku i na Slovensku se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed des\u00edtky takov\u00fdch kamer, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch zpravidla hydrometeorologick\u00fdm \u00fastav\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 soukrom\u00fdm organizac\u00edm (nap\u0159\u00edklad horsk\u00fdm st\u0159edisk\u016fm). Pokud se na kamer\u00e1ch v dan\u00fdch \u010dasech, tedy mezi 22. hodinou a p\u016flnoc\u00ed \u010di r\u00e1no mezi 2. a 4. hodinou, objev\u00ed struktury p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed NLC, m\u016f\u017ee pozorovatel s p\u0159edstihem n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek minut zareagovat a \u00fakaz j\u00edt vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed pozorovat na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di (nebo jej fotografovat). Z\u00e1jemci, kte\u0159\u00ed by o \u00fakaz necht\u011bli p\u0159ij\u00edt, se mohou zaregistrovat k odb\u011bru zpr\u00e1v upozor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch na viditelnost NLC na str\u00e1nce ukazy.astro.cz\/nlc-registrace.php<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Jak NLC vyfotografovat?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"No\u010dn\u00ed<\/a>
No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka 5. \u010dervence 2020 nad rybn\u00edkem Hr\u00e1dek. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky se daj\u00ed snadno vyfotografovat.<\/strong> Jde toti\u017e zpravidla o pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00fd \u00fakaz, nav\u00edc prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v dob\u011b soumraku nebo \u00fasvitu, kdy je je\u0161t\u011b relativn\u011b sv\u011btl\u00e1 obloha. Dost z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jen na tom, jak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 NLC na obloze jsou. Pokud se rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed jako slab\u00fd z\u00e1voj n\u00edzko nad obzorem, je nutn\u00fd sv\u011bteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objektiv a fotoapar\u00e1t na stativu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u011bch opravdu rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch posta\u010d\u00ed mnohdy chytr\u00fd telefon a m\u00f3d panoramatick\u00e9ho sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo\u0165 NLC se mohou rozkl\u00e1dat na velk\u00e9 \u00fahlov\u00e9 plo\u0161e od severoz\u00e1padu k severov\u00fdchodu. Nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sn\u00edmky p\u0159itom vznikaj\u00ed, jsou-li NLC komponov\u00e1ny s n\u011bjak\u00fdm hezk\u00fdm pozemsk\u00fdm objektem \u2013 klidnou vodn\u00ed hladinou, m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi pam\u00e1tkami nebo t\u0159eba ko\u0161at\u00fdm stromem. Sv\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete nahr\u00e1t do galerie na webu ukazy.astro.cz<\/a>, kde vznik\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto \u00fakazu.<\/p>\n

Kontakty a dal\u0161\u00ed informace:<\/h4>\n

Mgr. Petr Hor\u00e1lek<\/strong>
\nPR v\u00fdstup\u016f evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f F\u00da SU v Opav\u011b<\/em>
\nEmail: petr.horalek@slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420\u00a0732\u00a0826\u00a0853<\/p>\n

RNDr. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Gr\u00e1f,\u00a0Ph.D.<\/strong>
\nFyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav SU v\u202f<\/em>Opav\u011b,\u00a0vedouc\u00ed\u00a0observato\u0159e WHOO! a Unisf\u00e9ry<\/em>
\nEmail:\u00a0tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420734\u00a0268 124<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 odkazy:<\/h4>\n

[1] No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky \u2013 Online webkamery a aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdskyt
\n<\/a>[2] No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky \u2013 Upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na \u00fakaz<\/a>
\n[3] No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky \u2013 Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 galerie<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Od po\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dervna p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do poloviny \u010dervence se z \u00fazem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy nask\u00fdt\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b mo\u017enost vyhl\u00ed\u017eet nezvykl\u00fd typ obla\u010dnosti, tzv. No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka (zkratka NLC z anglick\u00e9ho Noctilucent Clouds). Oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm oblak\u016fm se NLC nach\u00e1zej\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysoko, zhruba 85 km nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem a p\u0159es den nejsou v\u016fbec vid\u011bt. Pozorovateln\u00e9 se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen za soumraku nebo za \u00fasvitu d\u00edky jejich nasv\u011btlen\u00ed Sluncem, kter\u00e9 se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed hluboko pod obzorem a oblaky tak vynikaj\u00ed jako b\u011blav\u00e9, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u00e9 \u010di elektricky modr\u00e9 z\u00e1voje n\u00edzko nad severn\u00edm obzorem proti tmav\u00e9 obloze. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuj\u00ed v t\u00fddnech okolo letn\u00edho slunovratu, kter\u00fd letos p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 21. \u010dervna. Pokud jsou v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, daj\u00ed se zaznamenat i na apar\u00e1ty chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,27,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-clanky","category-ukazy"],"yoast_head":"\nZa\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 sez\u00f3na No\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch oblak - Astro-novinky.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2025\/06\/05\/zacina-sezona-nocnich-sviticich-oblak\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 sez\u00f3na No\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch oblak - Astro-novinky.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Od po\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dervna p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do poloviny \u010dervence se z \u00fazem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy nask\u00fdt\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b mo\u017enost vyhl\u00ed\u017eet nezvykl\u00fd typ obla\u010dnosti, tzv. No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka (zkratka NLC z anglick\u00e9ho Noctilucent Clouds). Oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm oblak\u016fm se NLC nach\u00e1zej\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysoko, zhruba 85 km nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem a p\u0159es den nejsou v\u016fbec vid\u011bt. Pozorovateln\u00e9 se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen za soumraku nebo za \u00fasvitu d\u00edky jejich nasv\u011btlen\u00ed Sluncem, kter\u00e9 se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed hluboko pod obzorem a oblaky tak vynikaj\u00ed jako b\u011blav\u00e9, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u00e9 \u010di elektricky modr\u00e9 z\u00e1voje n\u00edzko nad severn\u00edm obzorem proti tmav\u00e9 obloze. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuj\u00ed v t\u00fddnech okolo letn\u00edho slunovratu, kter\u00fd letos p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 21. \u010dervna. 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