{"id":3198,"date":"2025-03-24T06:00:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T05:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=3198"},"modified":"2025-03-15T19:35:12","modified_gmt":"2025-03-15T18:35:12","slug":"v-sobotu-29-brezna-2025-nastane-castecne-zatmeni-slunce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2025\/03\/24\/v-sobotu-29-brezna-2025-nastane-castecne-zatmeni-slunce\/","title":{"rendered":"V sobotu 29. b\u0159ezna 2025 nastane \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9<\/a>
\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V sobotu 29. b\u0159ezna 2025 se odehraje zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce pozorovateln\u00e9 ze st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy. Bude jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9, ale prov\u00e1zej\u00ed jej velmi p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed podm\u00ednky. \u010cesko i Slovensko se bude nach\u00e1zet na okraji z\u00f3ny \u00fakazu, kter\u00fd bude pozorovateln\u00fd v severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Americe, prakticky cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b a v \u010d\u00e1sti Asie. Na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska i Slovenska bude zatm\u011bn\u00ed viditeln\u00e9 okolo poledne ve v\u00fd\u0161ce v\u00edce ne\u017e 40\u00b0 nad obzorem a p\u0159i maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi bude M\u011bs\u00edc zakr\u00fdvat a\u017e 22 procent pr\u016fm\u011bru slune\u010dn\u00edho disku (severoz\u00e1pad \u010cech).<\/p>\n

Jak vznik\u00e1 zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce?<\/h4>\n

Zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce nastane v okam\u017eiku<\/strong>, kdy se mezi pozorovatelem a Sluncem nach\u00e1z\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc ve f\u00e1zi novu a slune\u010dn\u00ed disk tak \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nebo zcela zakryje. Proto\u017ee M\u011bs\u00edc ob\u00edh\u00e1 na\u0161i planetu po dr\u00e1ze m\u00edrn\u011b sklon\u011bn\u00e9 k rovin\u011b zemsk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy (ta odchylka je asi 5\u00b0), \u010dast\u011bji M\u011bs\u00edc v novu slune\u010dn\u00ed disk na denn\u00edm nebi mine a k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu zatm\u011bn\u00ed nedojde. Jen zhruba jednou za p\u016fl roku se M\u011bs\u00edc v novu dostane na sv\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze velmi bl\u00edzko pomysln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmky mezi Zem\u00ed a Sluncem a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 na Zemi tak mohou pozorovat k\u00fd\u017een\u00fd \u00fakaz.<\/p>\n

\"Jak<\/a>
Jak vznik\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce? Zdroj: P. Hor\u00e1lek\/Tajemn\u00e1 zatm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u010c\u00edm d\u00e1le se pak pozorovatel nach\u00e1z\u00ed od ku\u017eelovit\u00e9ho st\u00ednu M\u011bs\u00edce, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed procento Slunce je b\u011bhem \u00fakazu zakryto. Oblast viditelnosti \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed nepokr\u00fdv\u00e1 nikdy celou zemskou polokouli, kde je zrovna den, a tedy ani \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed b\u011bhem konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u00fakazu viditeln\u00e9 \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161ude. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zatm\u011bn\u00ed 29. b\u0159ezna 2025<\/strong> se jedn\u00e1 o zatm\u011bn\u00ed pouze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9, pln\u00fd m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed st\u00edn zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu nikde nedos\u00e1hne. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bude zatm\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0Kanad\u011b, na severu Quebecu dos\u00e1hne \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed velikosti 94,8 procent slune\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011bru.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak prob\u011bhne zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce 29. b\u0159ezna?<\/h4>\n

\u00dakaz za\u010dne v \u010cesku okolo 11:29 SE\u010c (na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech se \u010das za\u010d\u00e1tku \u00fakazu li\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0minut\u00e1ch). Tehdy se z prav\u00e9ho kraje za\u010dne do slune\u010dn\u00edho disku \u201ezakusovat\u201c silueta tmav\u00e9ho M\u011bs\u00edce v novu.\u00a0 \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce na v\u00fdchod se budete nach\u00e1zet, t\u00edm pozd\u011bji \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed za\u010dne a t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 nastane (na v\u00fdchod\u011b Slovenska prob\u011bhne v maximu jen asi 7procentn\u00ed z\u00e1kryt a \u00fakaz za\u010dne a\u017e po 12:00 SE\u010c). Maximum \u00fakazu prob\u011bhne na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska i Slovenska mezi 12:15-12:30SE\u010c podle polohy pozorovatele.<\/strong> Konec pak okolo 13. hodiny, rovn\u011b\u017e v z\u00e1vislosti na poloze pozorovatele. Slunce po celou dobu \u00fakazu bude velmi vysoko nad ji\u017en\u00edm obzorem.<\/p>\n

N\u00ed\u017ee je uvedena tabulka s\u00a0viditelnost\u00ed \u00fakazu ve vybran\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch a slovensk\u00fdch m\u011bstech. Pro podrobnosti o \u00fakazu na v\u00e1mi vybran\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvit interaktivn\u00ed mapu Xaviera Jubiera<\/a> a v\u00a0map\u011b si zvolit svou lokalitu. Na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 se vybavit speci\u00e1ln\u00edm filtrem pro ochranu zraku (viz d\u00e1le). Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o tomto \u00fakazu a dal\u0161\u00edch zatm\u011bn\u00edch Slunce, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech \u010dekaj\u00ed, najdete tak\u00e9 v knize Tajemn\u00e1 zatm\u011bn\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tabulka: Viditelnost zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce 29. b\u0159ezna 2025 z \u010ceska a Slovenska
\nM\u011bsta jsou \u0159azena od z\u00e1padu na v\u00fdchod. \u010casy jsou v SE\u010c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M\u011bsto<\/strong><\/td>\nZa\u010d\u00e1tek zatm\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\nSt\u0159ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\nKonec zatm\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\nVelikost zatm\u011bn\u00ed v maximu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cheb<\/strong><\/td>\n11:30:05<\/td>\n12:15:27<\/td>\n13:01:07<\/td>\n22,7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plze\u0148<\/strong><\/td>\n11:32:30<\/td>\n12:16:14<\/td>\n13:00:11<\/td>\n20,7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Praha<\/strong><\/td>\n11:35:02<\/td>\n12:17:58<\/td>\n13:01:03<\/td>\n19,9 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice<\/strong><\/td>\n11:35:33<\/td>\n12:16:36<\/td>\n12:57:49<\/td>\n17,7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pardubice<\/strong><\/td>\n11:38:28<\/td>\n12:19:34<\/td>\n13:00:46<\/td>\n17,9 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brno<\/strong><\/td>\n11:41:15<\/td>\n12:19:34<\/td>\n12:57:57<\/td>\n15,2 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bratislava<\/strong><\/td>\n11:43:45<\/td>\n12:18:53<\/td>\n12:54:04<\/td>\n10,7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ostrava<\/strong><\/td>\n11:45:22<\/td>\n12:22:25<\/td>\n12:59:28<\/td>\n14,2 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica<\/strong><\/td>\n11:49:28<\/td>\n12:22:16<\/td>\n12:55:04<\/td>\n10,8 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poprad<\/strong><\/td>\n11:52:43<\/td>\n12:24:09<\/td>\n12:55:33<\/td>\n9,8 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ko\u0161ice<\/strong><\/td>\n11:56:48<\/td>\n12:25:01<\/td>\n12:53:12<\/td>\n7,8 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Humenn\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\n11:58:35<\/td>\n12:26:07<\/td>\n12:53:33<\/td>\n7,4 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\"Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/a>
Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce 29. b\u0159ezna 2025 ve vybran\u00fdch m\u011bstech v \u010cesku a na Slovensku. Autor: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce<\/h4>\n
\"Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9<\/a>
Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce. Foto: ESO\/L. Cal\u00e7ada.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

P\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce, ale i slune\u010dn\u00edch skvrn \u010di jin\u00fdch \u00fakaz\u016f spojen\u00fdch s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm pohledem na Slunce je zcela nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed pravidla. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m pohledu na Slunce, i kdy\u017e je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zakryto M\u011bs\u00edcem, hroz\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u010di dokonce trval\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku. <\/strong>Obecn\u011b existuje n\u011bkolik metod, jak Slunce pozorovat nep\u0159\u00edmo (tzv. projekc\u00ed, \u017eiv\u00fdm videop\u0159enosem, atd). P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 pouh\u00fdm okem nebo dalekohledem \u2013 v\u017edy vy\u017eaduje pou\u017eit\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho filtru. N\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00edme seznam mo\u017en\u00fdch a dostupn\u00fdch filtr\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m mohou slune\u010dn\u00ed svit ztlumit a umo\u017enit tak \u00fakaz pozorovat bezpe\u010dn\u011b:<\/p>\n