{"id":3038,"date":"2024-10-05T10:25:07","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T08:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=3038"},"modified":"2024-10-05T11:54:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T09:54:03","slug":"video-jak-vznikaji-polarni-zare-a-jak-o-ne-neprijit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2024\/10\/05\/video-jak-vznikaji-polarni-zare-a-jak-o-ne-neprijit\/","title":{"rendered":"Video: Jak vznikaj\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e a jak o n\u011b nep\u0159ij\u00edt?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_3039\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3039\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nahledovka_YT.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3039\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nahledovka_YT-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Minutky z vesm\u00edru: Jak nep\u0159ij\u00edt o pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nahledovka_YT-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nahledovka_YT-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nahledovka_YT-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nahledovka_YT-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nahledovka_YT-1320x743.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nahledovka_YT.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3039\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Minutky z vesm\u00edru: Jak nep\u0159ij\u00edt o pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se na \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 obloze objevuj\u00ed \u010detn\u011bji pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e. Nen\u00ed to ov\u0161em nic neobvykl\u00e9ho, je to d\u016fsledek slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity, kter\u00e1 pravideln\u011b kol\u00eds\u00e1 s periodou zhruba 11 let. D\u00edky modern\u00edm technologi\u00edm je dnes mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed zjistit relativn\u011b v\u010das, zda se nad na\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm neodehraje dal\u0161\u00ed takov\u00fd podmaniv\u00fd \u00fakaz. Slou\u017e\u00ed k tomu tzv. monitory pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou dostupn\u00e9 na internetu, ale i v mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00edch. Jak\u00e9 informace na t\u011bchto monitorech bychom m\u011bli sledovat, abychom nep\u0159i\u0161li o dal\u0161\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i? O tom i dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmavostech souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi z\u00e1\u0159emi pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 video Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v Opav\u011b z cyklu Minutky z vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Minutky z vesm\u00edru: Jak nep\u0159ij\u00edt o pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i?\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9QvoizfnQAw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>V \u010cesku a na Slovensku ne\u010dekejte jasn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159e jako v seversk\u00fdch oblastech (pakli\u017ee tam zrovna nepanuje pol\u00e1rn\u00ed den), obvykle jsou zaznamenateln\u00e9 jen fotograficky a o\u010dima je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 je spat\u0159it (mimo jin\u00e9 i kv\u016fli p\u0159em\u00ed\u0159e \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z m\u011bst). Z\u00e1jemc\u016fm o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed doporu\u010dujeme sledovat tzv. auror\u00e1ln\u00ed monitory, na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarham.com\">www.solarham.com<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spaceweatherlive.com\">www.spaceweatherlive.com<\/a>, p\u0159\u00edp. mobiln\u00ed aplikace <a href=\"https:\/\/aurora-alerts.com\/\">Aurora Alerts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je p\u0159itom ukazatel \u201eBz\u201c<\/strong> (kolm\u00e1 slo\u017eka IMF, tj. magnetick\u00e9ho pole oblaku ze Slunce) \u2013 pokud jej\u00ed hodnota klesne do z\u00e1porn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee silok\u0159ivky IMF se l\u00e9pe napojuj\u00ed na zemsk\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole a \u010d\u00e1stice l\u00e9pe vstupuj\u00ed do zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry. Re\u00e1ln\u011b a velmi \u010dasto sta\u010d\u00ed na fotograficky zaznamenatelnou z\u00e1\u0159i hodnoty ji\u017e od Bz -10 nT, ale to plat\u00ed, pokud tato hodnota trv\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouho a nekol\u00eds\u00e1 st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b do kladn\u00fdch hodnot. Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd \u00fadaj je rychlost slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost sol\u00e1rn\u00edho v\u011btru a z\u00e1porn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnota Bz, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe, a p\u0159i rychlosti nad 800 km\/s sta\u010d\u00ed Bz -6 nT. Aplikace p\u0159itom vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dru\u017eicemi nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swpc.noaa.gov\/products\/real-time-solar-wind\">slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spolu s v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm je uv\u00e1d\u011bna je\u0161t\u011b hustota \u010d\u00e1stic na cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong> (v\u00edce jak 15 \u010d\u00e1stic je u\u017e siln\u00e1 hodnota) a tzv. Kp index (je-li hodnota vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed jak 7, \u0161ance viditelnosti slab\u00fdch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed u n\u00e1s jsou docela vysok\u00e9, p\u0159i Kp 6 lze z\u00e1\u0159e zkou\u0161et zaznamenat fotograficky; tato hodnota ov\u0161em neukazuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav). V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 hemisf\u00e9rick\u00e1 s\u00edla (energetick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkon geomagnetick\u00e9 aktivity) uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch auror\u00e1ln\u00edch monitorech. Pokud hodnota p\u0159esahuje 100 GW, je geomagnetick\u00e1 bou\u0159e u\u017e dost siln\u00e1 a umo\u017e\u0148uje viditelnost pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e z na\u0161ich kon\u010din. V\u0161echny \u00fadaje lze sledovat na t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spaceweatherlive.com\/en.html\">www.spaceweatherlive.com<\/a>. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarham.com\/oval.htm\">obr\u00e1zek auror\u00e1ln\u00edho ov\u00e1lu<\/a>, tj. pravd\u011bpodobnosti, kde jsou siln\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159e nad hlavou (a\u017e \u010derven\u00e1 z\u00f3na). Pokud tato z\u00f3na zasahuje cca nad \u00farove\u0148 D\u00e1nska, z\u00e1\u0159e je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00edzko nad obzorem vyhl\u00ed\u017eet i u n\u00e1s. Ostatn\u011b zda u\u017e n\u00e1hodou z\u00e1\u0159e neprob\u00edhaj\u00ed nad severn\u00edm obzorem, n\u00e1m mohou v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase uk\u00e1zat i \u010detn\u00e9 webov\u00e9 kamery v na\u0161em okol\u00ed <a href=\"http:\/\/ukazy.astro.cz\/nlc-data.php\">m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed nad severn\u00ed obzor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00e9 hodnoty jsou u\u017e dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e9?<\/strong> P\u0159\u00edklady hodnot nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159i siln\u00fdch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00edch v \u010cesku a na Slovensku 23. dubna a 5. listopadu 2023 mohou l\u00e9pe odhadnout, kdy se schyluje k podm\u00ednk\u00e1m pro jasn\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e i v tuzemsku. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b byly ud\u00e1v\u00e1ny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed hodnoty: Bz -21 nT, Rychlost v\u011btru: 460 km\/s, Hustota 15 \u010d\u00e1stic na cm<sup>3<\/sup>, Kp 6-7, Hemisf\u00e9rick\u00e1 s\u00edla 120 GW. P\u0159i takov\u00fdch (a v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch) hodnot\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eeme \u010dekat z\u00e1\u0159e i u n\u00e1s. Mimochodem, jasn\u00e1 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e 10.\/11. kv\u011btna 2024 m\u011bla v maximu tyto \u00fadaje: Bz -49 nT, hustota 29 \u010d\u00e1stic na cm<sup>3<\/sup>, rychlost nad 800 km\/s.<\/p>\n<p>POZOR: I kdy\u017e NOAA (N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro oce\u00e1ny a atmosf\u00e9ru, USA) modeluje pohyby slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru a hust\u0161\u00edch oblak\u016f nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, nelze tyto modely br\u00e1t za sm\u011brodatn\u00e9. Tedy, je-li p\u0159edpov\u011bzeno, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad oblak dolet\u00ed k Zemi ve 21 hodin, opravdu ne\u010dekejte, \u017ee \u00fakaz ve 21 hodin nastane! Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru je velice obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 a vych\u00e1z\u00ed vesm\u011bs jen z d\u011bj\u016f na Slunci a stavu jeho a zemsk\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole. Slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr ale k Zemi putuje a\u017e dva dny a za tu dobu se na sv\u00e9 pouti m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 vlastnosti (rychlost, intenzitu, ale i sm\u011br). <strong>Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e se tedy nedaj\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u00eddat s jistotou, pouze v hodnot\u00e1ch pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>Kontakty a dal\u0161\u00ed informace:<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Mgr. Petr Hor\u00e1lek<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>PR v\u00fdstup\u016f evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f F\u00da SU v Opav\u011b<\/em><br \/>\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:petr.horalek@slu.cz\">petr.horalek@slu.cz<\/a><br \/>\nTelefon: +420\u00a0732\u00a0826\u00a0853<\/p>\n<p><strong>RNDr. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Gr\u00e1f,\u00a0Ph.D.<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav SU v\u202f<\/em><em>Opav\u011b,\u00a0vedouc\u00ed\u00a0observato\u0159e WHOO! a Unisf\u00e9ry<\/em><br \/>\nEmail:\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz\">tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz<\/a><br \/>\nTelefon: +420 553 684\u202f548<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bc. Lucie Dospivov\u00e1<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Refer\u00e1t pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vztahy S\u00da v\u00a0Opav\u011b<br \/>\n<\/em>Email: <a href=\"mailto:petr.horalek@slu.cz\">lucie.dospivova@physics.slu.cz<\/a><br \/>\nTelefon: + 420 553 684\u00a0214<\/p>\n<h4>Zdroje a dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 odkazy:<\/h4>\n<p>[1] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarham.com\">www.solarham.com<\/a><br \/>\n[2] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spaceweatherlive.com\">www.spaceweatherlive.com<\/a><br \/>\n[3] <a href=\"http:\/\/ukazy.astro.cz\/polar.php\">ukazy.astro.cz\/polar.php<\/a> \u2013 p\u0159ehled pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v \u010cesku<br \/>\n[4] <a href=\"http:\/\/ukazy.astro.cz\/nlc-data.php\">ukazy.astro.cz\/nlc-data.php<\/a> \u2013 online webov\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 kamery m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed na severn\u00ed obzor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se na \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 obloze objevuj\u00ed \u010detn\u011bji pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e. Nen\u00ed to ov\u0161em nic neobvykl\u00e9ho, je to d\u016fsledek slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity, kter\u00e1 pravideln\u011b kol\u00eds\u00e1 s periodou zhruba 11 let. D\u00edky modern\u00edm technologi\u00edm je dnes mnohem slab\u0161\u00ed zjistit relativn\u011b v\u010das, zda se nad na\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm neodehraje dal\u0161\u00ed takov\u00fd podmaniv\u00fd \u00fakaz. Slou\u017e\u00ed k tomu tzv. monitory pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou dostupn\u00e9 na internetu, ale i v mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00edch. Jak\u00e9 informace na t\u011bchto monitorech bychom m\u011bli sledovat, abychom nep\u0159i\u0161li o dal\u0161\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i? O tom i dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmavostech souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi z\u00e1\u0159emi pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 video Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v Opav\u011b z cyklu Minutky z vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3039,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,27,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-clanky","category-ukazy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Video: Jak vznikaj\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e a jak o n\u011b nep\u0159ij\u00edt? - Astro-novinky.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2024\/10\/05\/video-jak-vznikaji-polarni-zare-a-jak-o-ne-neprijit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Video: Jak vznikaj\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e a jak o n\u011b nep\u0159ij\u00edt? - Astro-novinky.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V posledn\u00edch letech se na \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 obloze objevuj\u00ed \u010detn\u011bji pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e. Nen\u00ed to ov\u0161em nic neobvykl\u00e9ho, je to d\u016fsledek slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity, kter\u00e1 pravideln\u011b kol\u00eds\u00e1 s periodou zhruba 11 let. D\u00edky modern\u00edm technologi\u00edm je dnes mnohem slab\u0161\u00ed zjistit relativn\u011b v\u010das, zda se nad na\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm neodehraje dal\u0161\u00ed takov\u00fd podmaniv\u00fd \u00fakaz. Slou\u017e\u00ed k tomu tzv. monitory pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou dostupn\u00e9 na internetu, ale i v mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00edch. Jak\u00e9 informace na t\u011bchto monitorech bychom m\u011bli sledovat, abychom nep\u0159i\u0161li o dal\u0161\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i? 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