{"id":2743,"date":"2024-02-17T14:49:26","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T13:49:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=2743"},"modified":"2024-09-07T16:21:27","modified_gmt":"2024-09-07T14:21:27","slug":"kometa-12p-pons-brooks-objektem-uz-pro-male-dalekohledy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2024\/02\/17\/kometa-12p-pons-brooks-objektem-uz-pro-male-dalekohledy\/","title":{"rendered":"Kometa 12P\/Pons-Brooks objektem u\u017e pro mal\u00e9 dalekohledy"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Kometa<\/a>
Kometa 12P\/Pons-Brooks na obloze za m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho svitu 15. \u00fanora 2024. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Na ve\u010dern\u00ed i na rann\u00ed obloze lze nyn\u00ed v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Je\u0161t\u011brky pozorovat pom\u011brn\u011b jasnou periodickou kometu 12P\/Pons-Brooks. Kometa se v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech pozvolna p\u0159esune v\u00fdhradn\u011b na ve\u010dern\u00ed oblohu a bude pozorovateln\u00e1 a\u017e do konce dubna mal\u00fdmi triedry, na tmav\u00e9 obloze dokonce na hranici viditelnosti poh\u00fdma o\u010dima. Kometa je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi \u010dast\u00fdmi v\u00fdbuchy (tzv. outbursty) z d\u016fvodu p\u0159ekotn\u00e9 kryovulkanick\u00e9 aktivity na jej\u00edm j\u00e1d\u0159e. Ty jsou prov\u00e1zeny n\u00e1hl\u00fdmi zjasn\u011bn\u00edmi, co\u017e by mohlo zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee kometa i v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech je\u0161t\u011b zjasn\u00ed a bude viditeln\u00e1 sn\u00e1ze i o\u010dima. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed pro jej\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nastane v b\u0159eznu a v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b dubna, kdy ji najdeme v mal\u00fdch dalekohledech, jak se pozvolna pohybuje souhv\u011bzd\u00edmi Andromedy, Ryb a Berana.<\/p>\n

Objev komety 12P\/Pons-Brooks<\/h4>\n

Kometu 12P\/Pons-Brooks objevil<\/strong> teleskopicky 12. \u010dervence 1812 francouzsk\u00fd astronom Jean-Louis Pons<\/em> (1761-1831). Nez\u00e1visle na tom byla tato kometa pozd\u011bji nalezena i dal\u0161\u00edmi astronomy a m\u011bs\u00edc po objevu, 13. srpna 1812, ji\u017e byla pozorovateln\u00e1 pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima. Do konce srpna toho roku byl hl\u00e1\u0161en ohon dlouh\u00fd o d\u00e9lce 2 stup\u0148\u016f. Kr\u00e1tce po jej\u00edm objevu bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee kometa je periodick\u00e1. Johann Franz Encke<\/em> (1791-1865), n\u011bmeck\u00fd astronom a rovn\u011b\u017e objevitel komet, ur\u010dil definitivn\u00ed dr\u00e1hu komety s periodou 70,68 roku. P\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl tak n\u00e1vrat komety v letech 1883-84. Druh\u00e9 jm\u00e9no ve sv\u00e9m n\u00e1zvu kometa nese po britsk\u00e9m astronomovi Williamu Robertu Brooksovi<\/em> (1844-1921), kter\u00fd ji znovuobjevil 2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1883 a ur\u010dil, \u017ee jde o kometu objevenou Ponsem v roce 1812. Toho roku kometa pro\u0161la velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm outburstem a skokov\u011b zjasnila v noc\u00edch 21.-23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1883 a\u017e patn\u00e1ctkr\u00e1t (z 11. magnitudy na 8. magnitudu). 20. listopadu toho roku byla z\u00e1hy pozorovateln\u00e1 pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima. Zp\u011btn\u011b se tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee kometu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pozorovali \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 v letech 1385 a 1457 a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i v letech 1313 a 1668, \u010di dokonce v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 245 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. To by mohlo b\u00fdt v\u016fbec nejstar\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed komety, ale nen\u00ed zcela potvrzeno.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdbuchy komety 12P\/Pons-Brooks<\/h4>\n
\"Podivn\u011b<\/a>
Podivn\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed hlava komety 12P\/Pons-Brooks po ourburstu 20. \u010dervence 2023. Foto: Juan lacruz.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kometa 12P\/Pons-Brooks je notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi n\u00e1hl\u00fdmi zjasn\u011bn\u00edmi<\/strong> v d\u016fsledku kryovulkanick\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f na jej\u00edm p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 17 km j\u00e1d\u0159e, jak se zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0obdob\u00edch okolo pr\u016flet\u016f kolem Slunce. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho p\u0159edpov\u011bzen\u00e9ho n\u00e1vratu v letech 1883\/84 pro\u0161la v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm vzplanut\u00edm nejen v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1883, ale i lednu 1884, kdy se u\u017e dala pozorovat pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima. P\u0159ed sv\u00fdm posledn\u00edm n\u00e1vratem zjasnila 1.\u00a0\u010dervence 1953 v\u00edce jak pades\u00e1tkr\u00e1t (z 18. magnitudy na 13. magnitudu) a znovu v b\u0159eznu roku 1954, kdy dos\u00e1hla jasnosti t\u011bsn\u011b pod prahem viditelnosti pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vratu kometa pro\u0161la hned n\u011bkolika outbursty, a to 20. \u010dervence 2023 (zjasnila prakticky 100x, ze 17. na 11. magnitudu), 5. \u0159\u00edjna 2023 (zjasnila 40x, z 15. magnitudy na 11.\u00a0magnitudu), 1. a 14. listopadu 2023, 14. prosince 2023, 18. ledna 2024 a\u00a0naposledy ned\u00e1vno 29. \u00fanora 2024, kdy zjasnila dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b a jej\u00ed hlava zv\u00fdraznila svoji jasnost pod pr\u00e1h viditelnosti pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima.<\/strong> P\u0159i nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zjasn\u011bn\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vratu 20. \u010dervence 2023 bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b do okol\u00ed j\u00e1dra komety vychrleno asi 10 miliard kilogram\u016f ledoprachov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd na \u010das vytvo\u0159il zjev komety p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed podkovu nebo popul\u00e1rn\u00ed fiktivn\u00ed kosmickou lo\u010f Millenium Falcon ze s\u00e9rie Hv\u011bzdn\u00fdch v\u00e1lek.<\/p>\n

Nejlep\u0161\u00ed bude b\u0159ezen a duben<\/h4>\n
\"Kometa<\/a>
Kometa 12P\/Pons-Brooks 2. \u00fanora 2024. Foto: Gerald Rhemann\/www.astrostudio.at<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 kometa jasnost asi 6,5 magnitudy a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu b\u0159ezna a dubna dos\u00e1hne a\u017e 4,5 magnitudy.<\/strong> Ne\u017e se vytrat\u00ed na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze v z\u00e1\u0159i soumraku v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b leto\u0161n\u00edho dubna, mohla by b\u00fdt mimo m\u011bsta na tmav\u00e9 obloze n\u00edzko nad z\u00e1padn\u00ed obzorem viditeln\u00e1 pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima jako slab\u00e1 mlhav\u00e1 skvrnka<\/strong>. Pokud by pro\u0161la dal\u0161\u00ed epizodou n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho zjasn\u011bn\u00ed, budou \u0161ance k jej\u00edmu spat\u0159en\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b snaz\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edslun\u00edm kometa prolet\u00ed 21. dubna 2024 ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 0,781 astronomick\u00e9 jednotky (asi 116,8 milionu km) a k Zemi se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 2. \u010dervna 2024, kdy bude od Zem\u011b vzd\u00e1lena 1,55 astronomick\u00e9 jednotky (232 milion\u016f km). V t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e ale kometu z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed nebudeme moci pozorovat: Zhruba od 18. dubna bude kometa p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzko nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem, aby se dala snadno vyhledat, a pot\u00e9 se p\u0159esune na ji\u017en\u00ed nebeskou polokouli. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed komety 12P\/Pons-Brooks budou tedy v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kde kometu najdeme?<\/h4>\n

Kometa se nyn\u00ed pohybuje souhv\u011bzd\u00edm Je\u0161t\u011brky a 21. \u00fanora vstoup\u00ed do z\u00e1padn\u00edho c\u00edpu souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Andromedy, kter\u00fdm bude putovat a\u017e do 14. b\u0159ezna. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto obdob\u00ed bude nejsn\u00e1ze vyhledateln\u00e1 na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze<\/strong>, nav\u00edc po 25. \u00fanoru p\u0159estane ru\u0161it sv\u00fdm svitem M\u011bs\u00edc a kometa se bude d\u00e1t vyhl\u00ed\u017eet mimo m\u011bsta na tmav\u00e9 obloze. Velmi fotogenick\u00fd p\u0159itom bude jej\u00ed pr\u016flet pod galaxiemi M31 v Andromed\u011b (8. b\u0159ezna 2024 asi 9\u00b0 ji\u017en\u011b) a M33 v Troj\u00faheln\u00edku (22. b\u0159ezna asi 2,5\u00b0 ji\u017en\u011b, bohu\u017eel za svitu M\u011bs\u00edce). Mezi 15. a 26. b\u0159eznem 2024 bude kometa prol\u00e9tat severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm c\u00edpem souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Ryb a v tom obdob\u00ed u\u017e by mohla b\u00fdt naleziteln\u00e1 i pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima (na bezm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 obloze daleko od m\u011bst). Od 27. b\u0159ezna do 19. dubna bude prol\u00e9tat souhv\u011bzd\u00edm Berana. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se sch\u00fdl\u00ed nejfotogeni\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edvan\u00e9: Kometa ve st\u0159edu 10. dubna ve ve\u010dern\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch prolet\u00ed \u00fahlov\u011b bl\u00edzko mlad\u00e9ho M\u011bs\u00edce, planety Jupiter a planety Uran a vytvo\u0159\u00ed tak mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b l\u00e1kavou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro astrofotografy. O dva dny d\u0159\u00edve, 8. dubna 2024, by tak\u00e9 mohla b\u00fdt zaznamenateln\u00e1 v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed a severn\u00ed Americe ve dne p\u0159i \u00fapln\u00e9m zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce. Svou pou\u0165 pak kometa zakon\u010d\u00ed v z\u00e1\u0159i soumraku nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka, v n\u011bm\u017e se tak\u00e9 vytrat\u00ed z na\u0161eho dohledu.<\/p>\n

\"Mapa<\/a>
Mapa dr\u00e1hy komety 12P\/Pons-Brooks od 22. \u00fanora do 17. dubna. Autor: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Seskupen\u00ed<\/a>
Seskupen\u00ed komety 12P\/Pons-Brooks, M\u011bs\u00edce, Jupiteru a Uranu 10. dubna 2024. Autor: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivita a ohon komety<\/h4>\n

Zat\u00edmco jasn\u00e1 hlava komety je snadno pozorovateln\u00e1 u\u017e nyn\u00ed v mal\u00fdch triedrech a v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch bude s vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed viditeln\u00e1 o\u010dima, ohony komety jsou slab\u00e9. Pra\u0161n\u00fd ohon se kv\u016fli poloze komety v\u016f\u010di Zemi zat\u00edm velmi neukazuje, iontov\u00fd je na sn\u00edmc\u00edch velmi n\u00e1padn\u00fd a \u010dasto se m\u011bn\u00ed. D\u016fvodem je interakce plynu v tomto ohonu se slune\u010dn\u00edm v\u011btrem, kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed velmi prom\u011bnliv\u00fd kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivit\u011b. Na sn\u00edmc\u00edch m\u00e1 tak kometa v ohonu r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1hyby, uzl\u00ed\u010dky \u010di p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vystaven\u00edm plynu v ohonu neviditeln\u00e9mu proudu nabit\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru a vypad\u00e1 tak, jako by ohon pl\u00e1polal podobn\u011b jako kou\u0159 z kom\u00edna ve v\u011btru. Zda bude ohon tak\u00e9 viditeln\u00fd o\u010dima, uk\u00e1\u017ee \u010das. Pochopiteln\u011b, pokud by do\u0161lo k dal\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159ekotn\u00e9mu zjasn\u011bn\u00ed komety v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, \u0161ance ke spat\u0159en\u00ed i ohonu komety o\u010dima budou mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Ohony<\/a>
Ohony komety 12P\/Pons-Brooks 10. \u00fanora 2024. Foto: Michael J\u00e4ger.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kontakty a dal\u0161\u00ed informace:<\/h4>\n

Mgr. Petr Hor\u00e1lek<\/strong>
\nPR v\u00fdstup\u016f evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f F\u00da SU v Opav\u011b, autor sn\u00edmku<\/em>
\nEmail: petr.horalek@slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420\u00a0732\u00a0826\u00a0853<\/p>\n

RNDr. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Gr\u00e1f,\u00a0Ph.D.<\/strong>
\nFyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav SU v\u202f<\/em>Opav\u011b,\u00a0vedouc\u00ed\u00a0observato\u0159e WHOO! a Unisf\u00e9ry<\/em>
\nEmail:\u00a0tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420 553 684\u202f548<\/p>\n

Bc. Lucie Dospivov\u00e1<\/strong>
\nRefer\u00e1t pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vztahy S\u00da v Opav\u011b
\n<\/em>Email: lucie.dospivova@physics.slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: + 420 553 684\u00a0214<\/p>\n

Zdroje a doporu\u010den\u00e9 odkazy:<\/h4>\n

[1] In the Sky.net<\/a> \u2013 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed poloha komety
\n[2] Sv\u011btov\u00e1 galerie komety na Spaceweather.com<\/a>
\n[3] Podrobnosti o dr\u00e1ze a v\u00fdvoji komety na str\u00e1nce Gideon van Buitenena<\/a>
\n[4] Podrobnosti o dr\u00e1ze a v\u00fdvoji komety na str\u00e1nce Seiichi Yoshidy<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na ve\u010dern\u00ed i na rann\u00ed obloze lze nyn\u00ed v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Je\u0161t\u011brky pozorovat pom\u011brn\u011b jasnou periodickou kometu 12P\/Pons-Brooks. Kometa se v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech pozvolna p\u0159esune v\u00fdhradn\u011b na ve\u010dern\u00ed oblohu a bude pozorovateln\u00e1 a\u017e do konce dubna mal\u00fdmi triedry, na tmav\u00e9 obloze dokonce na hranici viditelnosti poh\u00fdma o\u010dima. Kometa je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi \u010dast\u00fdmi v\u00fdbuchy (tzv. outbursty) z d\u016fvodu p\u0159ekotn\u00e9 kryovulkanick\u00e9 aktivity na jej\u00edm j\u00e1d\u0159e. Ty jsou prov\u00e1zeny n\u00e1hl\u00fdmi zjasn\u011bn\u00edmi, co\u017e by mohlo zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee kometa i v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech je\u0161t\u011b zjasn\u00ed a bude viditeln\u00e1 sn\u00e1ze i o\u010dima. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed pro jej\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nastane v b\u0159eznu a v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b dubna, kdy ji najdeme v mal\u00fdch dalekohledech, jak se pozvolna pohybuje souhv\u011bzd\u00edmi Andromedy, Ryb a Berana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2744,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,27,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-clanky","category-ukazy"],"yoast_head":"\nKometa 12P\/Pons-Brooks objektem u\u017e pro mal\u00e9 dalekohledy - Astro-novinky.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2024\/02\/17\/kometa-12p-pons-brooks-objektem-uz-pro-male-dalekohledy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kometa 12P\/Pons-Brooks objektem u\u017e pro mal\u00e9 dalekohledy - Astro-novinky.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Na ve\u010dern\u00ed i na rann\u00ed obloze lze nyn\u00ed v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Je\u0161t\u011brky pozorovat pom\u011brn\u011b jasnou periodickou kometu 12P\/Pons-Brooks. 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