{"id":2637,"date":"2023-11-16T16:25:04","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T15:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=2637"},"modified":"2024-12-04T17:02:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-04T16:02:08","slug":"pozoruhodne-a-vzacne-ukazy-v-roce-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2023\/11\/16\/pozoruhodne-a-vzacne-ukazy-v-roce-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Pozoruhodn\u00e9 a vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 \u00fakazy v roce 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2638\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2638\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2020_07_12_NEOWISE_SV_135mm_CUT_Horizon_1500px.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2638\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2020_07_12_NEOWISE_SV_135mm_CUT_Horizon_1500px-300x294.png\" alt=\"Kometa NEOWISE z roku 2020. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.\" width=\"300\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2020_07_12_NEOWISE_SV_135mm_CUT_Horizon_1500px-300x294.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2020_07_12_NEOWISE_SV_135mm_CUT_Horizon_1500px-1024x1004.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2020_07_12_NEOWISE_SV_135mm_CUT_Horizon_1500px-768x753.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2020_07_12_NEOWISE_SV_135mm_CUT_Horizon_1500px-1320x1294.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2020_07_12_NEOWISE_SV_135mm_CUT_Horizon_1500px.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2638\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kometa NEOWISE z roku 2020. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Rok 2023 je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 za n\u00e1mi a jist\u011b v\u00e1m z n\u011bho utkv\u011blo n\u011bkolik vzpom\u00ednek na opravdu kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u00fakazy na obloze. Vid\u011bli jsme \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce, meteorick\u00e9 roje Perseidy a Geminidy, \u010detn\u00e9 konjunkce, z\u00e1kryt Venu\u0161e M\u011bs\u00edcem na denn\u00ed obloze, tro\u0161ku no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky, slab\u0161\u00ed kometu a neposledn\u011b tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Rok 2024 rovn\u011b\u017e nab\u00eddne zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u00fakazy! Pod nebe n\u00e1s nal\u00e1kaj\u00ed op\u011bt meteorick\u00e9 roje, i d\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 z\u00a0na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed, hlavn\u011b ale p\u011bkn\u00e1 nebesk\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed planet s\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edcem a neposledn\u011b tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed \u201evelk\u00e9ho\u201c M\u011bs\u00edce. M\u00e1me se tedy op\u011bt na co t\u011b\u0161it.<\/p>\n<p>Ve vybran\u00e9m seznamu jsou nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakazy, kter\u00e9 by (krom dop\u0159edu nep\u0159edpov\u011bditeln\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje po\u010das\u00ed) m\u011bly m\u00edt vhodn\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed podm\u00ednky a jsou pozorovateln\u00e9 z \u010ceska i Slovenska. V roce 2024 tak\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me jednu pon\u011bkud v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kometu, u kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed vylou\u010deno, \u017ee se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu podzimu nab\u00eddne podobn\u00e9 p\u0159edstaven\u00ed, jako tomu bylo s kometou NEOWISE v \u010dervenci 2020. Nov\u00e9 objevy komet lze nav\u00edc d\u00e1le sledovat nap\u0159\u00edklad na <a href=\"http:\/\/astro.vanbuitenen.nl\/newcomets\">str\u00e1nce <em>Gideona van Buitenena<\/em><\/a>. D\u00e1le st\u00e1le stoup\u00e1 aktivita Slunce, co\u017e by mohlo znamenat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u0161ance na pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 i z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed, tak jak k\u00a0tomu bylo v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 2023. Je dobr\u00e9 neust\u00e1le sledovat slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivitu, viz d\u00e1le. Pro vyhl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed slab\u00fdch objekt\u016f (komet, meteorick\u00fdch roj\u016f, mlhovin a hv\u011bzdokup, \u010di zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla) je pot\u0159eba vyb\u00edrat noci, kdy neru\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed svit (tedy okolo novu) a cestovat za nimi mimo m\u011bsta, daleko od <a href=\"https:\/\/svetelneznecisteni.cz\/\">sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/a>. F\u00e1ze M\u011bs\u00edce v roce 2023 najdete nap\u0159\u00edklad na str\u00e1nce <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calendar-12.com\/moon_phases\/2024\">https:\/\/www.calendar-12.com\/moon_phases\/2024<\/a>. O dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fakazech Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v\u00a0Opav\u011b podrobn\u011b informuje na webu <a href=\"https:\/\/progresy.physics.cz\">https:\/\/progresy.physics.cz<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\">https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozcestn\u00edk<\/h3>\n<h4>Cel\u00fd rok 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#polar\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Po cel\u00fd rok: Mo\u017en\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Leden 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#qua\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">4. ledna: Meteory ze ztracen\u00e9ho souhv\u011bzd\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>B\u0159ezen 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#zod1\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">P\u0159elom b\u0159ezna a dubna: Vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte sv\u011btlo zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edku<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Duben 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#mexiko\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">8. dubna: Zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce v Mexiku, USA a Kanad\u011b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#konjduben\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">10.\/11. dubna: Noc pln\u00e1 nebesk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#konjduben2\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">20. dubna: Jupiter a Uran se na nebi t\u011bsn\u011b potkaj\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Kv\u011bten 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#eta\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">6. kv\u011btna: R\u00e1no vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte prach z Halleyovy komety<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u010cerven a \u010dervenec 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#nlc\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">\u010cerven a prvn\u00ed polovina \u010dervence: Vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte mraziv\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 no\u010dn\u00ed oblaka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#konjcervenec\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">30. a 31. \u010dervence: Pozoruhodn\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010dervenci<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Srpen 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#per\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Okolo 12. srpna: Letn\u00ed rojen\u00ed meteor\u016f v rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#konjsrpen\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">14. a 15. srpna: T\u011bsn\u00e9 planet\u00e1rn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#bluemoon\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">19. srpna: Uvid\u00edme \u201eModr\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk\u201c?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#zakryt\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">21. srpna: Saturn se schov\u00e1 za M\u011bs\u00edcem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#konjsrpen2\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">26. a 28. srpna: Pozoruhodn\u00e9 srpnov\u00e9 rann\u00ed konstelace<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#mwsaturn\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Cel\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha a planeta Saturn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#zod2\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Prvn\u00ed polovina z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: Vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte op\u011bt sv\u011btlo zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edku<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#zm\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed \u201evelk\u00e9ho\u201c M\u011bs\u00edce<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#kometa\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Konec z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, cel\u00fd \u0159\u00edjen: Nad\u011bjn\u00e1 kometa Tsuchinshan-ATLAS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0158\u00edjen 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#superuplnek\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">17. \u0159\u00edjna: \u201eVelk\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk\u201c na obzoru<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#ori\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">21. \u0159\u00edjna: \u0158\u00edjnov\u00fd prach z Halleyovy komety za svitu M\u011bs\u00edce<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Listopad 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#tau\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Cel\u00fd listopad: Ob\u010das zaz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jasn\u00e1 Taurida<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Prosinec 2024<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#jupiter\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">7. prosince: Nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Jupiter<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#gem\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">13.\/14. prosince: Zimn\u00ed rojen\u00ed za \u00fapl\u0148ku<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#hexagon\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">30. prosince: P\u0159edsilvestrovsk\u00e9 novolun\u00ed a t\u0159pytiv\u00fd hv\u011bzdn\u00fd \u0161esti\u00faheln\u00edk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>V\u00edce<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#zdroje\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Zdroje a doporu\u010den\u00e9 odkazy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"_ps2id\" href=\"#kontakty\" data-ps2id-offset=\"\">Kontakty a dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cel\u00fd rok 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"polar\"><\/a>Po cel\u00fd rok: Mo\u017en\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e<\/h4>\n<p>V\u00a0roce 2024 se Slunce dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do maxima sv\u00e9 aktivity a je tedy op\u011bt mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee budeme sv\u011bdky i v\u00edce pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed viditeln\u00fdch z\u00a0na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161ance jsou <a href=\"https:\/\/progresy.physics.cz\/2021\/11\/02\/kdy-za-polarnimi-zaremi-na-jare-a-na-podzim-doporucuji-opavsti-fyzikove\/\">na ja\u0159e a na podzim<\/a>, ale i v\u00a0ostatn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch je dobr\u00e9 b\u00fdt na pozoru, sledovat slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivitu a s\u00a0n\u00ed i auror\u00e1ln\u00ed monitory, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m mohou pomoci s\u00a0odhadem, \u010di se zrovna v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e na obloze neuk\u00e1\u017ee. Jak z\u00a0t\u011bchto monitor\u016f \u010d\u00edst? \u010ctete d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p>V \u010cesku a na Slovensku ne\u010dekejte jasn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159e jako v seversk\u00fdch oblastech, obvykle jsou zaznamenateln\u00e9 jen fotograficky a o\u010dima je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 je spat\u0159it (mimo jin\u00e9 i kv\u016fli p\u0159em\u00ed\u0159e \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z m\u011bst). Z\u00e1jemc\u016fm o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed doporu\u010dujeme sledovat tzv. auror\u00e1ln\u00ed monitory, na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarham.com\">https:\/\/www.solarham.com<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spaceweatherlive.com\">https:\/\/www.spaceweatherlive.com<\/a>, p\u0159\u00edp. mobiln\u00ed aplikace Aurora Alerts (<a href=\"https:\/\/aurora-alerts.com\/\">https:\/\/aurora-alerts.com\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je p\u0159itom ukazatel \u201eBz\u201c (kolm\u00e1 slo\u017eka IMF, tj. magnetick\u00e9ho pole oblaku ze Slunce) \u2013 pokud jej\u00ed hodnota klesne do z\u00e1porn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee silok\u0159ivky IMF se l\u00e9pe napojuj\u00ed na zemsk\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole a \u010d\u00e1stice l\u00e9pe vstupuj\u00ed do zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry. Re\u00e1ln\u011b a velmi \u010dasto sta\u010d\u00ed na fotograficky zaznamenatelnou z\u00e1\u0159i hodnoty ji\u017e od Bz -10 nT, ale to plat\u00ed, pokud tato hodnota trv\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouho a nekol\u00eds\u00e1 st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b do kladn\u00fdch hodnot. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm \u00fadajem je rychlost slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost sol\u00e1rn\u00edho v\u011btru a z\u00e1porn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnota Bz, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe, a p\u0159i rychlosti nad 800 km\/s sta\u010d\u00ed Bz -6 nT. Aplikace p\u0159itom vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dru\u017eicemi nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159\u00edmo sledovat zde: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swpc.noaa.gov\/products\/real-time-solar-wind\">https:\/\/www.swpc.noaa.gov\/products\/real-time-solar-wind<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Spolu s v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm je uv\u00e1d\u011bna je\u0161t\u011b hustota \u010d\u00e1stic na cm krychlov\u00fd (v\u00edce jak 15 \u010d\u00e1stic je u\u017e siln\u00e1 hodnota) a tzv. Kp index (je-li hodnota vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed jak 7, \u0161ance viditelnosti slab\u00fdch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed u n\u00e1s jsou docela vysok\u00e9, p\u0159i Kp 6 lze z\u00e1\u0159e zkou\u0161et zaznamenat fotograficky; tato hodnota ov\u0161em neukazuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav). V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 hemisf\u00e9rick\u00e1 s\u00edla (energetick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkon geomagnetick\u00e9 aktivity) uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch auror\u00e1ln\u00edch monitorech. Pokud hodnota p\u0159esahuje 100 GW, je geomagnetick\u00e1 bou\u0159e u\u017e dost siln\u00e1 a umo\u017e\u0148uje viditelnost pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e z na\u0161ich kon\u010din. V\u0161echny \u00fadaje lze sledovat na t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spaceweatherlive.com\/en.html\">https:\/\/www.spaceweatherlive.com\/en.html<\/a>. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je tak\u00e9 obr\u00e1zek auror\u00e1ln\u00edho ov\u00e1lu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarham.net\/oval.htm\">https:\/\/www.solarham.net\/oval.htm<\/a>), tj. pravd\u011bpodobnosti, kde jsou siln\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159e nad hlavou (a\u017e \u010derven\u00e1 z\u00f3na). Pokud tato z\u00f3na zasahuje cca nad \u00farove\u0148 D\u00e1nska, z\u00e1\u0159e je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00edzko nad obzorem vyhl\u00ed\u017eet i u n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2640\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2640\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/00_Polarni_Zare.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/00_Polarni_Zare-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Jasn\u00e1 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e 5. listopadu 2023 ze Slovenska. Foto: Martin \u010cin\u010dura.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/00_Polarni_Zare-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/00_Polarni_Zare-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/00_Polarni_Zare-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/00_Polarni_Zare-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/00_Polarni_Zare-1320x880.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/00_Polarni_Zare.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2640\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jasn\u00e1 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e 5. listopadu 2023 ze Slovenska. Foto: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/martin.cincura.9\">Martin \u010cin\u010dura<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>JAK VYSOK\u00c9 HODNOTY? <\/strong>P\u0159\u00edklady hodnot nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159i siln\u00fdch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00edch v \u010cesku a na Slovensku 23. dubna a 5. listopadu 2023 mohou l\u00e9pe odhadnout, kdy se schyluje k podm\u00ednk\u00e1m pro jasn\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e i v tuzemsku. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b byly ud\u00e1v\u00e1ny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed hodnoty: Bz -21 nT, Rychlost v\u011btru: 460 km\/s, Hustota 15 \u010d\u00e1stic\/cm3, Kp 6-7, Hemisf\u00e9rick\u00e1 s\u00edla 120 GW. P\u0159i takov\u00fdch (a v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch) hodnot\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eeme \u010dekat z\u00e1\u0159e i u n\u00e1s, dokonce jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>POZOR: I kdy\u017e NOAA (N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro oce\u00e1ny a atmosf\u00e9ru, USA) modeluje pohyby slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru a hust\u0161\u00edch oblak\u016f nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, nelze tyto modely br\u00e1t za sm\u011brodatn\u00e9. Tedy, <strong>je-li p\u0159edpov\u011bzeno, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad oblak dolet\u00ed k Zemi ve 21 hodin, opravdu ne\u010dekejte, \u017ee \u00fakaz ve 21 hodin nastane<\/strong>! <strong>Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru je velice obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9<\/strong> a vych\u00e1z\u00ed vesm\u011bs jen z d\u011bj\u016f na Slunci a stavu jeho a zemsk\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole. Slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr ale k Zemi putuje a\u017e dva dny a za tu dobu se na sv\u00e9 pouti m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 vlastnosti (rychlost, intenzitu, ale i sm\u011br). <strong>Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e se tedy nedaj\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u00eddat s jistotou,<\/strong> <strong>pouze v hodnot\u00e1ch pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Leden 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"qua\"><\/a>4. ledna: Meteory ze ztracen\u00e9ho souhv\u011bzd\u00ed<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2641\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2641\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/01_Kvadrantidy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/01_Kvadrantidy-300x229.jpg\" alt=\"Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Kvadrantidy v lednu roku 2020 nad Oravskou Lesnou na Slovensku. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/01_Kvadrantidy-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/01_Kvadrantidy-1024x782.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/01_Kvadrantidy-768x586.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/01_Kvadrantidy-1320x1008.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/01_Kvadrantidy.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2641\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Kvadrantidy v lednu roku 2020 nad Oravskou Lesnou na Slovensku. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pravideln\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 z astronomick\u00e9ho hlediska <strong>jedn\u00edm z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch meteorick\u00fdch roj\u016f \u2013 <em>Kvadrantidami<\/em><\/strong> (nebo t\u00e9\u017e Quadrantidami). Roj je aktivn\u00ed v obdob\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 1. do 10. ledna. V mnoha ohledech lze o Kvadrantid\u00e1ch, jejich\u017e mate\u0159sk\u00fdm t\u011blesem je trochu netradi\u010dn\u011b planetka 2003 EH1, hovo\u0159it jako o jednom ze t\u0159\u00ed nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch meteorick\u00fdch roj\u016f cel\u00e9ho roku. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hodnota zenitov\u00e9 frekvence ud\u00e1van\u00e1 obvykle \u00fadajem 120 meteor\u016f za hodinu (nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e s prom\u011bnlivou frekvenc\u00ed maxima mezi 60 a 200 meteory za hodinu). Naopak v neprosp\u011bch roje hraje kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 trv\u00e1n\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity roje (zhruba 6 hodin) a obecn\u011b vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost obla\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed oblohy pr\u00e1v\u011b na za\u010d\u00e1tku ledna. A kdy\u017e u\u017e se vy\u010das\u00ed, velice \u010dasto ru\u0161\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc, kter\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b v lednu b\u00fdv\u00e1 dost vysoko nad obzorem (a \u00fapln\u011bk intenzivn\u011b p\u0159ez\u00e1\u0159\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed oblohu). P\u0159itom p\u0159i dobr\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed lze re\u00e1ln\u011b po\u010d\u00edtat se spat\u0159en\u00edm kolem 60-80 meteor\u016f roje za hodinu, a to zejm\u00e9na v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch daleko od m\u011bst.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V roce 2024 nast\u00e1v\u00e1 maximum za nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Vrchol aktivity lze pozorovat v noci ze 3. na 4. ledna 2024<\/strong> (ze st\u0159edy na \u010dtvrtek), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e maximum nastane a\u017e po rozedn\u011bn\u00ed okolo 10 hodin SE\u010c. To by tak nevadilo, nebo\u0165 aktivita poroste spolu s\u00a0vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm radiantem roje p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem k\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm hodnot\u00e1m meteor\u016f za hodinu. Radiant, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v ji\u017e neexistuj\u00edc\u00edm souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Zedn\u00edho kvadrantu (zru\u0161eno v roce 1922), tedy v dne\u0161n\u00edm souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Past\u00fd\u0159e, se bude nach\u00e1zet vysoko nad severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem. Bohu\u017eel nebude pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zcela p\u0159\u00e1t M\u011bs\u00edc, kter\u00fd najdeme v\u00a0noci maxima v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Panny a bude na obloze sv\u00edtit u\u017e od p\u016flnoci, kdy vyjde nad v\u00fdchodn\u00ed obzor, a\u017e do \u00fasvitu (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do 6. hodiny). S ohledem na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi budou m\u00edt Kvadrantidy jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky a\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed rok, tedy v roce 2025.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u0159ezen 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"zod1\"><\/a>P\u0159elom b\u0159ezna a dubna: Vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte sv\u011btlo zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edku<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2642\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2642\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_ZodiakalniSvetlo_Jupiter.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2642\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_ZodiakalniSvetlo_Jupiter-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"Zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo (nev\u00fdrazn\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd ku\u017eel jdouc\u00ed ve st\u0159edu obr\u00e1zku vzh\u016fru od obzoru) nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou v b\u0159eznu roku 2020. V roce 2024 bude uprost\u0159ed n\u011bho jasn\u00fdm objektem planeta Jupiter. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_ZodiakalniSvetlo_Jupiter-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_ZodiakalniSvetlo_Jupiter-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_ZodiakalniSvetlo_Jupiter-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_ZodiakalniSvetlo_Jupiter-1320x817.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_ZodiakalniSvetlo_Jupiter.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2642\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo (nev\u00fdrazn\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd ku\u017eel jdouc\u00ed ve st\u0159edu obr\u00e1zku vzh\u016fru od obzoru) nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou v b\u0159eznu roku 2020. V roce 2024 bude uprost\u0159ed n\u011bho jasn\u00fdm objektem planeta Jupiter. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I v\u00a0roce 2024 bude mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhl\u00ed\u017eet \u201eb\u0159eznovou z\u00e1\u0159 pro fajn\u0161mekry\u201c \u2013 tzv. <em>zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo<\/em>, a to hlavn\u011b na p\u0159elomu b\u0159ezna a dubna, kdy na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze neru\u0161\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc. <strong>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed jarn\u00ed obdob\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2024 pro vyhl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla nastane mezi 27. b\u0159eznem a 10. dubnem. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b jej pozorujte po soumraku nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem daleko od m\u011bst.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo se t\u00e1hne pod\u00e9l ekliptiky (roviny zemsk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e1 se na obloze pomysln\u011b prom\u00edt\u00e1 do zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00fdch souhv\u011bzd\u00ed \u2013 odtud ten n\u00e1zev) a nejde vlastn\u011b o nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e prach v\u00a0okol\u00ed Slunce soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fd do rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho disku, na kter\u00fd se ze Zem\u011b d\u00edv\u00e1me z\u00a0boku a kter\u00fd rozptyluje slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Kdy\u017e tedy Slunce zapadne a n\u00e1sledn\u011b skon\u010d\u00ed i soumrak, obloha ztmavne a nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem lze proti hv\u011bzdn\u00e9mu pozad\u00ed naj\u00edt mlhav\u00fd ku\u017eel neostr\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159e. D\u00edky sklonu ekliptiky v\u016f\u010di horizontu se pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0obdob\u00ed jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo od obzoru nejv\u00edce vykl\u00e1n\u00ed a je tud\u00ed\u017e ve\u010der nejl\u00e9pe vid\u011bt (stejn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky se pak nab\u00edzej\u00ed na z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9 obloze p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem). Ku\u017eel se nav\u00edc na konci b\u0159ezna\/po\u010d\u00e1tku dubna na opravdu tmav\u00e9 obloze nese a\u017e k\u00a0hv\u011bzdokup\u011b Plej\u00e1dy a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se slab\u00fdm obloukem zimn\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy pozoruhodnou kompozici, o n\u00ed\u017e se ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem sna\u017e\u00ed mnoho fotograf\u016f na severn\u00ed zemsk\u00e9 polokouli s\u00a0n\u011bjakou p\u011bknou pozemskou krajinou v\u00a0pop\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00a0roce 2024 pohled ke sv\u011btlu v\u00fdrazn\u011b dopln\u00ed jasn\u00e1 planeta Jupiter, kterou p\u0159i pohledu mal\u00fdm dalekohledem dopln\u00ed i planeta Uran. Ob\u011b planety se k\u00a0sob\u011b budou ka\u017ed\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed den \u00fahlov\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017eovat (viz duben).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sv\u011btlo je bohu\u017eel p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70x slab\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obloha v p\u0159ez\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch velkom\u011bstech<\/strong>, a proto je nutn\u00e9 se k jeho spat\u0159en\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed m\u00edsto, kde neru\u0161\u00ed ani sv\u011bteln\u00fd smog, ani p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 mlha. Je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zapot\u0159eb\u00ed jasn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se d\u00e1 \u00fakaz sledovat nap\u0159\u00edklad na Vyso\u010din\u011b, \u0160umav\u011b, v\u00a0Novohradsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, v Beskydech, Jesen\u00edk\u00e1ch, na Man\u011bt\u00ednsku \u010di v Orlick\u00fdch a Jizersk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch (kde jsou oblasti vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jako <a href=\"http:\/\/svetelneznecisteni.cz\/\">Rezervace tmy<\/a>), na Slovensku pak z\u00a0horsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed jako nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u00edzk\u00e9 Tatry, Ve\u013ek\u00e1 a Mal\u00e1 Fatra, ale i Mur\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e1 planina nebo (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm) z\u00a0Parku tmavej oblohy Poloniny. <strong>Pokud se tedy nach\u00e1z\u00edte pobl\u00ed\u017e t\u011bchto oblast\u00ed \u010di prost\u011b obecn\u011b d\u00e1l od velk\u00fdch m\u011bst<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017eete u\u017e v t\u011bchto dnech vyhl\u00ed\u017eet pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00fd sv\u011bteln\u00fd ku\u017eel, s\u00e1paj\u00edc\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161e a\u017e 60\u00b0 nad obzor, a to v dob\u011b, kdy je Slunce ji\u017e d\u00e9le jak hodinu pod obzorem (tedy kolem 19:00 SE\u010c a pozd\u011bji). Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9m sv\u011btle najdete nap\u0159\u00edklad <a href=\"https:\/\/progresy.physics.cz\/2021\/03\/02\/na-nocni-obloze-sviti-zviretnikove-svetlo\/\">v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku z\u00a0roku 2021<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2643\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2643\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_Zviretnik_Sec.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2643\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_Zviretnik_Sec-1024x552.jpg\" alt=\"Slab\u00fd ku\u017eel zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla pod obloukem Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy ze b\u0159ehu Se\u010dsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"800\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_Zviretnik_Sec-1024x552.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_Zviretnik_Sec-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_Zviretnik_Sec-768x414.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_Zviretnik_Sec-1320x711.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/03_Zviretnik_Sec.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2643\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Slab\u00fd ku\u017eel zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla pod obloukem Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy ze b\u0159ehu Se\u010dsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Duben 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"mexiko\"><\/a>8. dubna: \u00dapln\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce v\u00a0Mexiku, USA a Kanad\u011b<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2648\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2648\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_ZatmeniSlunce.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2648\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_ZatmeniSlunce-300x200.png\" alt=\"Detail slune\u010dn\u00ed kor\u00f3ny p\u0159i \u00fapln\u00e9m zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce 20. dubna 2023. Kor\u00f3na je velmi \u010dlenit\u00e1 kv\u016fli rostouc\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivit\u011b. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek (Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b), J. Kujal, M. Hlav\u00e1\u010d, T. Slovinsk\u00fd a P. Kom\u00e1rek (Hv\u011bzd\u00e1rna Pardubice).\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_ZatmeniSlunce-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_ZatmeniSlunce-1024x684.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_ZatmeniSlunce-768x513.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_ZatmeniSlunce-1320x882.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_ZatmeniSlunce.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2648\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail slune\u010dn\u00ed kor\u00f3ny p\u0159i \u00fapln\u00e9m zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce 20. dubna 2023. Kor\u00f3na je velmi \u010dlenit\u00e1 kv\u016fli rostouc\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivit\u011b. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek (Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b), J. Kujal, M. Hlav\u00e1\u010d, T. Slovinsk\u00fd a P. Kom\u00e1rek (Hv\u011bzd\u00e1rna Pardubice).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pro milovn\u00edky vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch \u00fakaz\u016f p\u0159\u00edroda nab\u00edz\u00ed po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b (od roku 2009) i dosti vz\u00e1cn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 \u00fapln\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce 8. dubna 2024, kter\u00e9 se nav\u00edc odehraje za maxima slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se jeho pozorovatel\u016fm nab\u00eddne pohled na velmi zaj\u00edmav\u011b strukturovanou a jasnou slune\u010dn\u00ed kor\u00f3nu, v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed protuberance a dal\u0161\u00ed doprovodn\u00e9 jevy. \u00dakaz potrv\u00e1 a\u017e 4 minuty a 28 sekund, co\u017e u\u017e je na pom\u011bry \u00fapln\u00fdch zatm\u011bn\u00ed Slunce dosti dlouh\u00e9 (fyzicky nejdel\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee trvat 7 a p\u016fl minuty, ale takov\u00e9 se v\u00a0tomto stolet\u00ed ani neodehraje). Za t\u00edmto zatm\u011bn\u00edm je ale pot\u0159eba vycestovat. Zatm\u011bn\u00ed bude ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti prob\u00edhat nad Tich\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem a poprv\u00e9 se pevniny dotkne na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed mexick\u00e9ho Mazatl\u00e1nu. Odtamtud m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed st\u00edn poputuje p\u0159es mexick\u00e9 vnitrozem\u00ed, kde nedaleko m\u011bsta Torre\u00f3n dos\u00e1hne maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lky 4 minuty a 28 sekund (u obce Nazas). V\u00a0t\u011bchto m\u00edstech bude pozorovateln\u00e9 v\u00a0poledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch velmi vysoko nad obzorem. Z\u00a0Mexika se pak p\u0159esune st\u00edn do USA, kde bude v\u00a0odpoledn\u00edch a ve\u010dern\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch postupn\u011b pozorovateln\u00e9 ve st\u00e1tech Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Oho, Pensylv\u00e1nie, New York a d\u00e1le poputuje do Vermontu, Maine, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159es kousek Kanady nad Nov\u00fd Brun\u0161vik, Nov\u00e9 Skotsko nebo Newfoundland. Krom\u011b zatm\u011bn\u00ed by se na obloze \u00fahlov\u011b nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko od Slunce mohla d\u00e1t pozorovat kometa 12P\/Pons-Brooks. P\u0159esn\u00e9 informace o zatm\u011bn\u00ed pro vybran\u00e9 m\u00edsto na Zemi poskytuje <a href=\"http:\/\/xjubier.free.fr\/en\/site_pages\/solar_eclipses\/TSE_2024_GoogleMapFull.html\">interaktivn\u00ed mapa astronoma Xaviera Jubiera<\/a>. Podrobn\u00e9 informace a animace \u00fakazu najdete tak\u00e9 na <a href=\"https:\/\/in-the-sky.org\/news.php?id=20240408_09_100\">In-the-sky.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"konjduben\"><\/a>10.\/11. dubna: Noc pln\u00e1 nebesk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>V\u00a0noci ze <strong>st\u0159edy 10. na \u010dtvrtek 11. dubna 2024<\/strong> se toho na nebi odehraje opravdu hodn\u011b. St\u00e1le bude mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhl\u00ed\u017eet zve\u010dera zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo (viz b\u0159ezen), mimo m\u011bsta najdeme mnoho kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch objekt\u016f vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru tzv. <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messier%C5%AFv_katalog\">Messierova katalogu<\/a> a na za\u010d\u00e1tku noci zve\u010dera i na jej\u00edm konci \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no se budeme moci pokochat velmi p\u011bkn\u00fdmi konjunkcemi.<\/p>\n<p>Ve\u010der <strong>za soumraku 10. dubna 2024 okolo 21. hodiny SEL\u010c<\/strong> se nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem bude pozvolna zjevovat t\u011bsn\u00e9 <strong>p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jasn\u00e9 planety Jupiter a M\u011bs\u00edce<\/strong> ve f\u00e1zi \u00fazk\u00e9ho srpku s\u00a0popelav\u00fdm svitem. Jak se bude stm\u00edvat a objekty budou postupovat n\u00ed\u017ee k\u00a0obzoru, bude tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 mal\u00fdm dalekohledem <strong>objevit i planetu Uran<\/strong> a v\u00a0okol\u00ed Jupiteru hned 4 jeho nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce. Pohled na n\u00e1\u0161 M\u011bs\u00edc bude nab\u00edzet nejen srpek jeho osv\u011btlen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, ale tak\u00e9 popelav\u00fd svit Sluncem p\u0159\u00edmo nenasv\u011btlen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. Popelav\u00fd svit je zp\u016fsoben slune\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btlem rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdm zemskou atmosf\u00e9rou sm\u011brem k\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edci, odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edho se od m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho povrchu zp\u011bt k n\u00e1m. Nad trojic\u00ed t\u011bles pak objev\u00edme p\u0159i setm\u011bn\u00ed i o\u010dima viditelnou hv\u011bzdokupu Plej\u00e1dy. Bude to vskutku velmi fotogenick\u00e1 pod\u00edvan\u00e1, hodn\u00e1 sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nad vzd\u00e1len\u00fdmi pozemsk\u00fdmi objekty na obzoru (domy, stromy, hory\u2026).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2644\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2644\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_10_JMU_Konjunkce.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2644\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_10_JMU_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Konjunkce Jupiteru a M\u011bs\u00edce 10. dubna 2024 ve\u010der po 20. hodin\u011b SEL\u010c. P\u0159i pokro\u010dil\u00e9m soumraku dvojici dopln\u00ed planeta Uran a hv\u011bzdokupa Plej\u00e1dy. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_10_JMU_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_10_JMU_Konjunkce-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_10_JMU_Konjunkce-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_10_JMU_Konjunkce-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_10_JMU_Konjunkce-1320x743.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_10_JMU_Konjunkce.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2644\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Konjunkce Jupiteru a M\u011bs\u00edce 10. dubna 2024 ve\u010der po 20. hodin\u011b SEL\u010c. P\u0159i pokro\u010dil\u00e9m soumraku dvojici dopln\u00ed planeta Uran a hv\u011bzdokupa Plej\u00e1dy. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pozoruhodn\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed se ale odehraje i o n\u011bkolik hodin pozd\u011bji, za <strong>rozb\u0159esku 11. dubna 2024 kr\u00e1tce po 5. hodin\u011b rann\u00ed SEL\u010c.<\/strong> Velmi n\u00edzko nad v\u00fdchodo-jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem se u\u017e za sv\u011btla rozb\u0159esku budou moci za ide\u00e1ln\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek d\u00e1t naj\u00edt planety Mars a Saturn, kter\u00e9 bude d\u011blit \u00fahlov\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost pouh\u00e9ho 0,5\u00b0 (zhruba \u00fahlov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br \u00fapl\u0148ku). Nalezen\u00ed obou planeta bude ale vy\u017eadovat dokonale okryt\u00fd obzor a po ruce alespo\u0148 mal\u00fd triedr, obloha u\u017e bude v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b obou planet u\u017e dost sv\u011btl\u00e1. Ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dalekohledu spat\u0159\u00edme Saturn i s\u00a0jeho prstenci.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2646\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2646\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_11_MS_Konjunkce.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2646\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_11_MS_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Velmi bl\u00edzk\u00e1 konjunkce Saturnu a Marsu 11. dubna 2024 bude viditeln\u00e1 n\u00edzko nad obzorem p\u0159i rozb\u0159esku. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_11_MS_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_11_MS_Konjunkce-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_11_MS_Konjunkce-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_11_MS_Konjunkce-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_11_MS_Konjunkce-1320x743.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_11_MS_Konjunkce.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2646\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Velmi bl\u00edzk\u00e1 konjunkce Saturnu a Marsu 11. dubna 2024 bude viditeln\u00e1 n\u00edzko nad obzorem p\u0159i rozb\u0159esku. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><a id=\"konjduben2\"><\/a>20. dubna: Jupiter a Uran se na nebi t\u011bsn\u011b potkaj\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Planety Jupiter a Uran<\/strong> se budou \u00fahlov\u011b na obloze je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017eovat a nejbl\u00ed\u017ee je na nebi najdeme za soumraku nad z\u00e1pado-severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem <strong>20. dubna po 21. hodin\u011b SEL\u010c<\/strong>. Zat\u00edmco Jupiter uvid\u00edme pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima, na pohodln\u00e9 spat\u0159en\u00ed Uranu se bude lep\u0161\u00ed vybavit alespo\u0148 divadeln\u00edm kuk\u00e1tkem nebo triedrem. Ob\u011b planety bude od sebe d\u011blit \u00fahlov\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost <strong>pouh\u00e9ho 0,5\u00b0<\/strong>, co\u017e zhruba tolik, kolik m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fahlov\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru M\u011bs\u00edc v\u00a0\u00fapl\u0148ku. Na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed si mus\u00edte vybrat m\u00edsto s\u00a0dokonale odkryt\u00fdm SSZ obzorem, za soumraku okolo 21. hodiny budou planety dost n\u00edzko, okolo pouh\u00fdch 5\u00b0 nad obzorem.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2647\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2647\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_20_JU_Konjunkce.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_20_JU_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze za soumraku 20. dubna 2024 se sch\u00fdl\u00ed k t\u011bsn\u00e9 konjunkci Jupiteru a Uranu. Planety se budou nach\u00e1zet jen 0,5\u00b0 od sebe. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_20_JU_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_20_JU_Konjunkce-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_20_JU_Konjunkce-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_20_JU_Konjunkce-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_20_JU_Konjunkce-1320x743.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/04_2024_04_20_JU_Konjunkce.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2647\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze za soumraku 20. dubna 2024 se sch\u00fdl\u00ed k t\u011bsn\u00e9 konjunkci Jupiteru a Uranu. Planety se budou nach\u00e1zet jen 0,5\u00b0 od sebe. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Kv\u011bten 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"eta\"><\/a>6. kv\u011btna: R\u00e1no vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte prach z\u00a0Halleyovy komety<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2650\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2650\" style=\"width: 199px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquaridy_Chile.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2650\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquaridy_Chile-199x300.png\" alt=\"Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Eta-Aquaridy v roce 2022 v Chile. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquaridy_Chile-199x300.png 199w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquaridy_Chile-680x1024.png 680w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquaridy_Chile-768x1156.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquaridy_Chile-1020x1536.png 1020w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquaridy_Chile.png 1130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2650\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Eta-Aquaridy v roce 2022 v Chile. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Zem\u011b proch\u00e1z\u00ed hned dvakr\u00e1t do roka proudem ledo-prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 za sebou zanechala p\u0159i sv\u00e9m pr\u016fletu kolem Slunce ta nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlasatice ze v\u0161ech: <\/strong><em><strong>Halleyova kometa<\/strong><\/em><strong>. <\/strong>Je ironi\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i jej\u00edm p\u0159edposledn\u00edm n\u00e1vratu v\u00a0roce 1910 byl tento fakt p\u0159evr\u00e1cen naruby a vynesl skupince lid\u00ed dost velk\u00e9 jm\u011bn\u00ed za roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed popla\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee zemsk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra se p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu t\u00edmto proudem otr\u00e1v\u00ed a lid\u00e9 smrteln\u011b onemocn\u00ed, pakli\u017ee nepo\u017eij\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9k. Meteorick\u00e9 roje ale \u010dlov\u011bka neotr\u00e1v\u00ed, ba naopak. A to plat\u00ed i o <strong>meteorick\u00e9m<\/strong> <strong>roji<\/strong> <em><strong>\u03b7-Aquaridy<\/strong><\/em> (nebo tak\u00e9 Eta-Aquaridy), kter\u00e9 jsou zp\u016fsobeny pr\u00e1v\u011b ledo-prachov\u00fdmi zrnky z\u00a0periodick\u00e9 komety 1P\/Halley. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v\u00a0noci<strong> 5. \/6. kv\u011btna 2024 \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no<\/strong> (maximum u\u017e 5. kv\u011btna 2024 ve okolo 23. hodiny SEL\u010c, ale nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ostr\u00e9). Podm\u00ednky jsou tak\u0159ka ide\u00e1ln\u00ed: M\u011bs\u00edc bude ve f\u00e1zi jen 2 dny p\u0159ed novem, nebude tedy prakticky vid\u011bt a meteory m\u00e1 smysl m\u00e1 sledovat od 3. hodiny rann\u00ed a\u017e do rozb\u0159esku.<\/p>\n<p>Meteory jsou rychl\u00e9 a l\u00e9taj\u00ed v\u00a0nemal\u00e9 \u010detnosti, ale bohu\u017eel sp\u00ed\u0161e nad pozorovateli pobl\u00ed\u017e rovn\u00edku a na ji\u017en\u00ed zemsk\u00e9 polokouli. <strong>U n\u00e1s souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Vodn\u00e1\u0159e, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e radiant roje le\u017e\u00ed, vych\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b noci jen n\u00edzko nad obzor, tak\u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme spat\u0159it v\u0161eho v\u0161udy tak 10 meteor\u016f za hodinu<\/strong>. I tak je to hezk\u00fd dojem, \u017ee zanikaj\u00edc\u00ed ledo-prachov\u00e1 zrnka poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0on\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 komety, kter\u00e1 se ke Slunci vr\u00e1t\u00ed a\u017e v\u00a0roce 2061. A co v\u00edc, jak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, t\u00edmto proudem Zem\u011b proch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku dvakr\u00e1t. Poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0kv\u011btnu a podruh\u00e9 v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu, kdy n\u00e1m zase zp\u016fsobuje meteorick\u00fd roj Orionid (viz \u0159\u00edjen 2024). Pokud v\u0161ak vydr\u017e\u00edte do \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin, nab\u00eddne se po 3:30 SEL\u010c n\u00edzko nad v\u00fdchodem pohled k\u00a0vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm planet\u00e1m, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b Saturnu a pozd\u011bji i Marsu, kter\u00e9 s\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edcem vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm u\u017e za rozb\u0159esku ve f\u00e1zi \u00fazk\u00e9ho srpku budou tvo\u0159it velmi fotogenickou \u201e\u0161\u0148\u016fru\u201c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2649\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2649\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquarida_Sec.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2649\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquarida_Sec-1024x675.png\" alt=\"Kv\u011btnov\u00e1 Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha, p\u0159elet Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice (vpravo naho\u0159e) a zelen\u00e1 Eta-Aquarida (vlevo od Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy) 8. kv\u011btna 2021 nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquarida_Sec-1024x675.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquarida_Sec-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquarida_Sec-768x506.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquarida_Sec-1320x870.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/05_EtaAquarida_Sec.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2649\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kv\u011btnov\u00e1 Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha, p\u0159elet Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice (vpravo naho\u0159e) a zelen\u00e1 Eta-Aquarida (vlevo od Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy) 8. kv\u011btna 2021 nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>\u010cerven a \u010dervenec 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"nlc\"><\/a>\u010cerven a prvn\u00ed polovina \u010dervence: Vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte mraziv\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 no\u010dn\u00ed oblaka<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2651\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2651\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/06_NLC.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2651\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/06_NLC-300x210.jpg\" alt=\"No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky 5. \u010dervence 2020 nad rybn\u00edkem Hr\u00e1dek. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/06_NLC-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/06_NLC-1024x717.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/06_NLC-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/06_NLC-130x90.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/06_NLC-1320x924.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/06_NLC.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2651\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">No\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky 5. \u010dervence 2020 nad rybn\u00edkem Hr\u00e1dek. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>V \u010dervnu a v \u010dervenci 2024 bude op\u011bt v mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhl\u00ed\u017eet mrazivou kr\u00e1su No\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch oblak (NLC), kter\u00e9 \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s meteorick\u00fdm prachem a rovn\u011b\u017e kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00edm slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity. Ta bude v roce 2024 vysok\u00e1 (maximum se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 v roce 2025), vysok\u00e9 vrstvy zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry budou m\u00edt m\u00e9n\u011b stabiln\u00ed podm\u00ednky, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit <strong>men\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt NLC ne\u017e v\u00a0minul\u00fdch letech<\/strong>. I tak by se podm\u00ednky v t\u011bch vrstv\u00e1ch zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry, ve kter\u00fdch se NLC tvo\u0159\u00ed, tedy ve v\u00fd\u0161ce okolo 85 kilometr\u016f, mohly ob\u010das ust\u00e1lit. Oblaky jsou pozorovateln\u00e9 ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch mezi 22. hodinou a p\u016flnoc\u00ed, nebo r\u00e1no mezi 2. a 4. hodinou, a to v\u017edy na severu, resp. mezi severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm a severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem. Jejich z\u00e1\u0159 je zp\u016fsobena Sluncem, kter\u00e9 je v\u00a0inkriminovan\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch nasv\u011btluje odspodu (zat\u00edmco samo se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161ce mezi 6\u00b0 a 16\u00b0 pod obzorem). Vypadaj\u00ed jako z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed pavu\u010dinky na obloze a n\u011bkdy mohou nab\u00eddnout opravdu majest\u00e1tn\u00ed divadlo. Pokud nechcete o no\u010dn\u00ed oblaky p\u0159ij\u00edt, sledujte webov\u00e9 kamery nebo se p\u0159ihlaste k\u00a0odb\u011bru alert\u016f na <a href=\"http:\/\/ukazy.astro.cz\/nlc.php\">http:\/\/ukazy.astro.cz\/nlc.php<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"konjcervenec\"><\/a>30. a 31. \u010dervence: Pozoruhodn\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010dervenci<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Na konci \u010dervence 2024<\/strong> n\u00e1m obloha nab\u00eddne velmi p\u011bknou a fotogenickou s\u00e9rii nebesk\u00fdch uskupen\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 se <strong>postaraj\u00ed hned 3 planety Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, ub\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc a o \u201epodkladovou sc\u00e9nu\u201c zn\u00e1m\u00e9 otev\u0159en\u00e9 hv\u011bzdokupy <em>Plej\u00e1dy<\/em> a <em>Hy\u00e1dy<\/em><\/strong> v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka. Nebesk\u00e1 uskupen\u00ed budou k\u00a0vid\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem (tedy p\u0159ed 4. hodinou rann\u00ed), ale n\u00edzko nad obzorem je budeme moci vyhl\u00ed\u017eet u\u017e kr\u00e1tce po 1. hodin\u011b r\u00e1no.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2652\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2652\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/07_2024_07_30-31_JM_Konjunkce.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2652\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/07_2024_07_30-31_JM_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Fotogenick\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce, Marsu, Jupiteru, Uranu a hv\u011bzdokup v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch 30. a 31. \u010dervence 2024. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/07_2024_07_30-31_JM_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/07_2024_07_30-31_JM_Konjunkce-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/07_2024_07_30-31_JM_Konjunkce-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/07_2024_07_30-31_JM_Konjunkce-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/07_2024_07_30-31_JM_Konjunkce-1320x743.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/07_2024_07_30-31_JM_Konjunkce.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2652\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fotogenick\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce, Marsu, Jupiteru, Uranu a hv\u011bzdokup v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch 30. a 31. \u010dervence 2024. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>V\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd 30. \u010dervence<\/strong> bude M\u011bs\u00edc vych\u00e1zet po p\u016flnoci nad severov\u00fdchodem \u00fahlov\u011b velmi bl\u00edzko hv\u011bzdokupy Plej\u00e1dy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e asi 5\u00b0 jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b od n\u011bj najdeme v\u00a0mal\u00e9m dalekohledu tak\u00e9 planetu Uran. Pozd\u011bji se objev\u00ed jasn\u00fd Mars a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Jupiter, ob\u011b planety budou u hv\u011bzdokupy <em>Hy\u00e1dy<\/em> s\u00a0jasnou hv\u011bzdou <em>Aldebaran<\/em>. Jak bude cel\u00e9 uskupen\u00ed pozvolna stoupat nad v\u00fdchodn\u00ed obzor, M\u011bs\u00edc se bude od Plej\u00e1d odsouvat v\u00edce k\u00a0jasn\u00e9mu Marsu. O den pozd\u011bji, <strong>ve st\u0159edu 31. \u010dervence<\/strong>, se pak nad severov\u00fdchodem objev\u00ed trio jasn\u00fdch t\u011bles, tedy Jupiter, Mars a M\u011bs\u00edc, \u00fahlov\u011b je\u0161t\u011b bl\u00ed\u017ee, v uskupen\u00ed nebesk\u00e9ho troj\u00faheln\u00edku. Spolu s\u00a0ob\u011bma hv\u011bzdokupami to bude je\u0161t\u011b p\u011bkn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohled, nebo\u0165 M\u011bs\u00edc bude oproti \u00fatern\u00ed situaci slab\u0161\u00ed, jeho srpek u\u017e\u0161\u00ed, a na tmav\u00e9 obloze uvid\u00edme v\u00edce hv\u011bzd a tak\u00e9 popelav\u00fd svit M\u011bs\u00edce na jeho Sluncem p\u0159\u00edmo neosv\u011btlen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. Mal\u00fdm dalekohledem p\u0159itom budeme moci st\u00e1le naj\u00edt jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b od Plej\u00e1d planetu Uran.<\/p>\n<h3>Srpen 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"per\"><\/a>Okolo 12. srpna: Letn\u00ed rojen\u00ed meteor\u016f v\u00a0rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2657\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2657\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Perseidy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2657\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Perseidy-225x300.png\" alt=\"Pohled do letn\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy p\u0159i maximu meteorick\u00e9ho roje Perseidy v roce 2018 nad Parkem tmavej oblohy Poloniny na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Slovensku. Sn\u00edmek je v\u00fdsledkem n\u011bkolikano\u010dn\u00edho zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed roje. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Perseidy-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Perseidy-768x1024.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Perseidy.png 1125w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2657\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pohled do letn\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy p\u0159i maximu meteorick\u00e9ho roje Perseidy v roce 2018 nad Parkem tmavej oblohy Poloniny na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Slovensku. Sn\u00edmek je v\u00fdsledkem n\u011bkolikano\u010dn\u00edho zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed roje. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u201ekosmick\u00fd oh\u0148ostroj\u201c roku \u2013 <strong>meteorick\u00fd roj <\/strong><em><strong>Perseidy<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 se v\u00a0roce 2024 net\u011b\u0161\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, ale i tak si jej nenechte uj\u00edt. Pod\u00edvan\u00e1 u\u017e toti\u017e neodmysliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0letn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmu koloritu (a s\u00a0t\u00edm obdob\u00edm souvis\u00ed i v\u00edce volna, teplej\u0161\u00ed a \u010dasto p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, mo\u017enosti v\u00fdlet\u016f do p\u0159\u00edrody a z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f pod \u201e\u010dir\u00e1kem\u201c) a je mo\u017enost uvid\u011bt opravdu jasn\u00e9 meteory ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010detnosti.\u00a0 Maximum roje, za n\u00edm\u017e stoj\u00ed kometa <em>109P Swift-Tuttle<\/em> a kter\u00e9 s\u00a0sebou nese p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/progresy.physics.cz\/2021\/08\/04\/meteoricky-roj-perseidy-vrcholi-v-noci-12-13-srpna-podminky-budou-idealni\/\">p\u0159es 1760 let star\u00e9 nespravedlnosti<\/a> (nespravedlivou a krutou popravu svat\u00e9ho Vav\u0159ince), vych\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2024 na ve\u010dern\u00ed hodiny 12. srpna (zhruba v\u00a018 hodin SEL\u010c, tedy je\u0161t\u011b za sv\u011btla) a <strong>m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1ze p\u0159ipad\u00e1 prvn\u00ed \u010dtvr\u0165. N\u00e1\u0161 soused tedy bude sv\u00fdm svitem ru\u0161it pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i maximu \u00fakazu zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b noci<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> Perseidy ov\u0161em nejsou aktivn\u00ed jen v\u00a0noc maxima, jejich aktivita za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u\u017e ve t\u0159et\u00ed dek\u00e1d\u011b \u010dervence a kon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru srpna. <strong>Vyplat\u00ed se tedy pozorovat zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0t\u00fddnu p\u0159ed maximem, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b<\/strong> <strong>od 5. srpna 2024, a to v\u017edy v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch<\/strong> (nejv\u00edce meteor\u016f je v\u017edy vid\u011bt r\u00e1no mezi p\u016flnoc\u00ed a 5. hodinou rann\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u00edce meteor\u016f bychom m\u011bli spat\u0159it v\u00a0noci ze<strong> 12. \/13. srpna (ze pond\u011bl\u00ed na \u00fater\u00fd)<\/strong>, kdy m\u00e1 smysl roj mezi p\u016flnoc\u00ed a 4. hodinou rann\u00ed. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e bude M\u011bs\u00edc zapadat, radiant roje (m\u00edsto odkud meteory zd\u00e1nliv\u011b vyl\u00e9taj\u00ed) stoup\u00e1 nejv\u00fd\u0161e nad obzor a frekvence meteor\u016f je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Za dobr\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed zaz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 50-80 meteor\u016f v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 hodin\u011b.<\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"konjsrpen\"><\/a>14. a 15. srpna: T\u011bsn\u00e9 planet\u00e1rn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p><strong>K\u00a0velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 pod\u00edvan\u00e9<\/strong> se sch\u00fdl\u00ed v\u00a0noci ze 14. na 15. srpna 2024. <strong>Jasn\u00e9 planety Jupiter a Mars se na obloze \u00fahlov\u011b p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na 18 \u00fahlov\u00fdch minut<\/strong>, co\u017e je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jen polovina \u00fahlov\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru M\u011bs\u00edce v\u00a0\u00fapl\u0148ku na obloze. Samotn\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nastane u\u017e 14. srpna 2024 v\u00a018:52 SEL\u010c, kdy z\u00a0na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed budou planety pod obzorem. Pokud ale po\u010dk\u00e1te do jejich v\u00fdchodu <strong>15. srpna 2024 zhruba okolo 0:25 SEL\u010c<\/strong> (\u010das v\u00fdchodu se bude li\u0161it v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na m\u00edst\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b v\u00a0minut\u00e1ch), o p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159ijdete. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b bude \u00fahlov\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost planet od sebe st\u00e1le dost mal\u00e1, okolo 21 \u00fahlov\u00fdch minut. P\u0159i pohledu pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima tak budou planety opravdu bl\u00edzko sebe a vizu\u00e1ln\u011b nep\u0159ehl\u00e9dnuteln\u00e9 i z\u00a0m\u011bst. Jak budou planety stoupat v\u00fd\u0161 nad obzor, budou se z\u00e1rove\u0148 od sebe u\u017e nepatrn\u011b \u00fahlov\u011b vzdalovat. P\u0159esto je v\u0161ak i ve st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9m dalekohledu (s pr\u016fm\u011brem nad 10 cm) budeme moci sledovat v\u00a0jednom zorn\u00e9m poli. Mars se bude jevit jako n\u00e1padn\u00fd ov\u00e1lek s\u00a0naoran\u017eov\u011bl\u00fdm odst\u00ednem, Jupiter jako kotou\u010dek s\u00a0pruhy (atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdmi p\u00e1sy) a v\u00a0jeho bl\u00edzkosti se v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 rovin\u011b uk\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u0161echny 4 \u201eGalileovsk\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce\u201c \u2013 <em>Io<\/em>, <em>Europa<\/em>, <em>Ganymedes<\/em> a <em>Callisto<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2653\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2653\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_15_JM_Konjunkce.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_15_JM_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Planety Jupiter a Mars t\u011bsn\u011b po sv\u00e9 nejt\u011bsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konjunkci na rann\u00ed obloze 15. srpna 2024. U\u017e v mal\u00e9m dalekohledu pak rozli\u0161\u00edme naoran\u017eov\u011bl\u00fd ov\u00e1lek Marsu a kotou\u010dek Jupiteru s jeho jasn\u00fdmi m\u011bs\u00edci. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_15_JM_Konjunkce-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_15_JM_Konjunkce-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_15_JM_Konjunkce-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_15_JM_Konjunkce-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_15_JM_Konjunkce-1320x743.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_15_JM_Konjunkce.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2653\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Planety Jupiter a Mars t\u011bsn\u011b po sv\u00e9 nejt\u011bsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konjunkci na rann\u00ed obloze 15. srpna 2024. U\u017e v mal\u00e9m dalekohledu pak rozli\u0161\u00edme naoran\u017eov\u011bl\u00fd ov\u00e1lek Marsu a kotou\u010dek Jupiteru s jeho jasn\u00fdmi m\u011bs\u00edci. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Stellarium\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><a id=\"bluemoon\"><\/a>19. srpna: Uvid\u00edme \u201eModr\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk\u201c?<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2658\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2658\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Uplnek_Pardubice.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Uplnek_Pardubice-300x204.jpg\" alt=\"A\u010dkoliv se bude srpnov\u00e9mu \u00fapl\u0148ku p\u0159ezd\u00edvat \u201emodr\u00fd\u201c, s jeho barvou to nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9. Naopak, p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu i p\u0159i z\u00e1padu bude v\u00fdrazn\u011b naoran\u017eov\u011bl\u00fd v d\u016fsledku zeslaben\u00ed jeho sv\u011btla v zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Uplnek_Pardubice-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Uplnek_Pardubice-1024x697.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Uplnek_Pardubice-768x523.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Uplnek_Pardubice-1320x898.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_Uplnek_Pardubice.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2658\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A\u010dkoliv se bude srpnov\u00e9mu \u00fapl\u0148ku p\u0159ezd\u00edvat \u201emodr\u00fd\u201c, s jeho barvou to nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9. Naopak, p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu i p\u0159i z\u00e1padu bude v\u00fdrazn\u011b naoran\u017eov\u011bl\u00fd v d\u016fsledku zeslaben\u00ed jeho sv\u011btla v zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>V souvislosti se srpnov\u00fdm \u00fapl\u0148kem, kter\u00fd nastane v\u00a0pond\u011bl\u00ed 19. srpna 2024 ve 20:28 SEL\u010c, se setk\u00e1me s podivnou formul\u00ed \u201e<\/strong><em><strong>modr\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk<\/strong><\/em><strong>\u201c<\/strong> (z angl. \u201e<em>blue moon<\/em>\u201c). <strong>Pojem ale nevych\u00e1z\u00ed z o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho zabarven\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce<\/strong>, ale z anglick\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu \u201e<em>once in a blue moon<\/em>\u201c, co\u017e ve voln\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu znamen\u00e1 \u201ejednou za uhersk\u00fd rok\u201c. Upozor\u0148uje se tak na fakt, \u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu astronomick\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed definovan\u00fdm daty jeho za\u010d\u00e1tkem a koncem nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u011b hned 4 \u00fapl\u0148ky, obvykle toti\u017e b\u00fdvaj\u00ed jen 3. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b l\u00e9to 2024 za\u010dne letn\u00edm slunovratem 20. \u010dervna 2024 a kon\u010d\u00ed podzimn\u00ed rovnodennost\u00ed 22. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024. \u00dapl\u0148ky v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed nastanou 22. \u010dervna, 21. \u010dervence, 19. srpna a 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Za \u201emodr\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc\u201c ozna\u010duje t\u0159et\u00ed z t\u011bchto \u010dty\u0159, tedy ten 19. srpna 2024. Mimochodem, ten \u010dtvrt\u00fd, z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk bude je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 nastane p\u0159i n\u011bm zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce (viz d\u00e1le).<\/p>\n<p>Existuje ale i druh\u00e1 varianta, a sice \u017ee nastane druh\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk v jednom kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edci, co\u017e tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed zcela obvykl\u00e9. Takov\u00e9 situace nastala v\u00a0srpnu 2023 a znovu se j\u00ed do\u010dk\u00e1me <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calendar-12.com\/moon_phases\/2026\">a\u017e v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 2026<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Skute\u010dn\u011b do modra zabarven\u00fd M\u011bs\u00edc se na obloze objevit m\u016f\u017ee, ale nenaz\u00fdv\u00e1me jej \u201emodr\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk\u201c, nesouvis\u00ed toti\u017e s\u00a0f\u00e1z\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce nebo datem v kalend\u00e1\u0159i<\/strong>. Do modra se M\u011bs\u00edc zabarv\u00ed p\u0159ed zraky jeho pozorovatel\u016f v t\u011bch vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je na\u0161e atmosf\u00e9ra nasycena \u010di zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bna specifick\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi o velikosti alespo\u0148 1 mikronu. Nej\u010dast\u011bji za to m\u016f\u017ee popel, kter\u00fd se do zemsk\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed dostane p\u0159i velk\u00e9m po\u017e\u00e1ru \u010di siln\u00e9 sope\u010dn\u00e9 erupci. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice rozptyluj\u00ed dlouhovlnnou \u010d\u00e1st spektra viditeln\u00e9ho sv\u011btla (\u010dervenou) a do na\u0161ich o\u010d\u00ed pak doputuje jen ta modr\u00e1. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edpad z roku 1883, kdy indon\u00e9sk\u00e1 sopka Krakatoa vyvolala tak silnou erupci, \u017ee ji v\u011bdci p\u0159irovnali ke 100megatunov\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 bomb\u011b. Popel z exploze Krakatoa vystoupal do atmosf\u00e9ry a\u017e 80 kilometr\u016f a obsahoval mnoho takov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Lid\u00e9 proto byli sv\u011bdky mod\u0159e zabarven\u00e9ho M\u011bs\u00edce na mnoha m\u00edstech na sv\u011bt\u011b i n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed v kuse.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud ale zemsk\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nen\u00ed takov\u00fdmto zp\u016fsobem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bno, mod\u0159e zbarven\u00e9 M\u011bs\u00edce na fotografi\u00edch jsou v\u00fdsledkem jen speci\u00e1ln\u00edch modr\u00fdch filtr\u016f v mobilech \u010di fotoapar\u00e1tech nebo zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm fotek v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"zakryt\"><\/a>21. srpna: Saturn se schov\u00e1 za M\u011bs\u00edcem<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2654\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2654\" style=\"width: 265px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2654\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-265x300.jpg\" alt=\"Z\u00e1kryt Saturnu M\u011bs\u00edcem 21. srpna 2024 v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch bude zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed dalekohledem. Jednak kv\u016fli mo\u017enosti vid\u011bt Saturnovy prstence a tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli sv\u011btl\u00e9 obloze prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho rozb\u0159esku b\u011bhem \u00fakazu. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.\" width=\"265\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-906x1024.jpg 906w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-768x868.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-1359x1536.jpg 1359w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-1812x2048.jpg 1812w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-1320x1492.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu.jpg 1919w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 265px) 100vw, 265px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2654\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Z\u00e1kryt Saturnu M\u011bs\u00edcem 21. srpna 2024 v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch bude zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed dalekohledem. Jednak kv\u016fli mo\u017enosti vid\u011bt Saturnovy prstence a tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli sv\u011btl\u00e9 obloze prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho rozb\u0159esku b\u011bhem \u00fakazu. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ve st\u0159edu <strong>21. srpna 2024 se na \u010dasn\u00e9 rann\u00ed obloze<\/strong> za rozb\u0159esku sch\u00fdl\u00ed k\u00a0opravdu pozoruhodn\u00e9 a pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 pod\u00edvan\u00e9 \u2013 <strong>M\u011bs\u00edc zakryje planetu Saturn<\/strong>. Pod\u00edvan\u00e1 je to p\u0159itom p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro majitele dalekohled\u016f, nebo\u0165 p\u0159i pohledu p\u0159es dalekohled nebude n\u00e1\u0161 kosmickou soused zakr\u00fdvat jen samotnou planetu, ale i jej\u00ed prstence, kter\u00e9 pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima nevid\u00edme. P\u0159i pohledu bez dalekohledu se ale zejm\u00e9na prvn\u00ed polovina \u00fakazu bude d\u00e1t pozorovat pom\u011brn\u011b p\u011bkn\u011b, nebo\u0165 Saturn je pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00fd objekt. Ostatn\u011b, celou noc z\u00a020. na 21. srpna se budou ob\u011b t\u011blesa na nebi k\u00a0sob\u011b postupn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017eovat. Z\u00e1kryt Saturnu nastane nad jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem <strong>okolo 5:34 SEL\u010c<\/strong> (pro Prahu, na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech \u010cR a SR se bude \u010das li\u0161it v\u00a0minut\u00e1ch). V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b bude u\u017e prob\u00edhat rozb\u0159esk. V\u00fdstup Saturnu zpoza m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho kotou\u010de se odehraje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o hodinu pozd\u011bji, okolo 6:33 SEL\u010c. To u\u017e bude na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b oblohy sv\u00edtit Slunce a \u00fakaz tak nebude pozorovateln\u00fd o\u010dima, nebo\u0165 Saturn nen\u00ed na denn\u00ed obloze pro voln\u00e9 oko viditeln\u00fdm objektem. Sv\u011bteln\u00fdmi dalekohledy (vybaven\u00fdmi nap\u0159\u00edklad citliv\u00fdm IR filtrem) se ale i v\u00fdstup bude d\u00e1t sledovat, nebo\u0165 ob\u011b t\u011blesa budou je\u0161t\u011b zhruba 10\u00b0 nad z\u00e1padojihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem.<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d v\u016fbec nast\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kryt Saturnu M\u011bs\u00edcem? N\u00e1\u0161 kosmick\u00fd souputn\u00edk se pohybuje kolem Zem\u011b na dr\u00e1ze m\u00edrn\u011b prota\u017een\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 m\u00edrn\u011b \u201esklopen\u00e9\u201c k hlavn\u00ed rovin\u011b Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, a tak \u010dast\u011bji pozorujeme jen tzv. konjunkce \u2013 \u00fahlov\u00e1 p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce k jasn\u00fdm planet\u00e1m nebo hv\u011bzd\u00e1m. Kdy\u017e se ale stane, \u017ee je M\u011bs\u00edc na sv\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze pr\u00e1v\u011b pobl\u00ed\u017e roviny zemsk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy (tzv. roviny ekliptiky), m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ed planetou p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ej\u00edt. Nemus\u00ed se jednat nutn\u011b jen o Saturn, v\u0161echny planety ob\u00edhaj\u00ed Slunce pobl\u00ed\u017e roviny ekliptiky, a tak ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich je \u201ekandid\u00e1tem\u201c na z\u00e1kryt M\u011bs\u00edcem. \u00dakaz je to ale pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fd. Statisticky m\u016f\u017eeme z jednoho m\u00edsta na Zemi vid\u011bt b\u011bhem roku sotva jeden takov\u00fd z\u00e1kryt planety M\u011bs\u00edcem. Kr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a velmi dob\u0159e pozorovateln\u00e9ho z\u00e1krytu planety M\u011bs\u00edcem se do do\u010dk\u00e1me a\u017e o n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozd\u011bji, 4. ledna 2025. A p\u016fjde op\u011bt o z\u00e1kryt Saturnu, ale u\u017e v\u00a0noci na tmav\u00e9 obloze.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2655\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2655\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2655\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-1024x512.png\" alt=\"Oblast pozorovatelnosti z\u00e1krytu Saturnu M\u011bs\u00edcem 21. srpna 2024. Na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska a Slovenska je \u00fakaz viditeln\u00fd za rozb\u0159esku a na denn\u00ed obloze v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch. Zdroj: In-the-Sky.org.\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu-1320x660.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_21_Zakryt_Saturnu.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2655\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oblast pozorovatelnosti z\u00e1krytu Saturnu M\u011bs\u00edcem 21. srpna 2024. Na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska a Slovenska je \u00fakaz viditeln\u00fd za rozb\u0159esku a na denn\u00ed obloze v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch. Zdroj: In-the-Sky.org.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><a id=\"konjsrpen2\"><\/a>26. a 28. srpna: Pozoruhodn\u00e9 srpnov\u00e9 rann\u00ed konstelace<\/h4>\n<p>Podobn\u011b jako na konci \u010dervence 2024 se je\u0161t\u011b jednou budeme moci pokochat bohat\u00fdm nebesk\u00fdm uskupen\u00edm i v\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, a to <strong>mezi 26. a 28. srpnem 2024<\/strong>. Prakticky u\u017e po p\u016flnoci v\u017edy do \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem se n\u00e1m nad v\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem bude nab\u00edzet pohled na <strong>jasn\u00e9 planety Mars a Jupiter ve \u201espole\u010dnosti\u201c hv\u011bzdokup Hy\u00e1dy a Plej\u00e1dy<\/strong> v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka. Mal\u00fdm dalekohledem, i pouh\u00fdm triedrem, najdeme jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Plej\u00e1d i planetu Uran. Celou konstelaci dopln\u00ed ve v\u0161ech t\u0159ech dnech <strong>nav\u00edc i M\u011bs\u00edc<\/strong>, kter\u00fd bude pozvolna \u201ecouvat\u201c, a tedy ka\u017ed\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1no se bude jeho f\u00e1ze po posledn\u00ed \u010dtvrti jevit u\u017e\u0161\u00ed a zbytek jeho disku bude sv\u00edtit popelav\u00fdm svitem (slune\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btlem dopadaj\u00edc\u00edm na Zemi, rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fd ze Zem\u011b k\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edci a z\u00a0m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho povrchu op\u011bt odra\u017een\u00ed k\u00a0Zemi).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2656\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2656\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_26-28_JMU_Konjunkce-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2656\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_26-28_JMU_Konjunkce-1024x384.jpg\" alt=\"Pozoruhodn\u00e9 a mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b fotogenick\u00e9 konjunkce 26., 27. a 28. srpna 2024 \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no. Na obloze bude k vid\u011bn\u00ed uskupen\u00ed Jupiteru, Marsu, Uranu, hv\u011bzdokup v B\u00fdku a v jejich bl\u00edzkosti se bude pozvolna p\u0159esouvat couvaj\u00edc\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_26-28_JMU_Konjunkce-1024x384.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_26-28_JMU_Konjunkce-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_26-28_JMU_Konjunkce-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_26-28_JMU_Konjunkce-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_26-28_JMU_Konjunkce-2048x768.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/08_2024_08_26-28_JMU_Konjunkce-1320x495.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2656\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pozoruhodn\u00e9 a mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b fotogenick\u00e9 konjunkce 26., 27. a 28. srpna 2024 \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no. Na obloze bude k vid\u011bn\u00ed uskupen\u00ed Jupiteru, Marsu, Uranu, hv\u011bzdokup v B\u00fdku a v jejich bl\u00edzkosti se bude pozvolna p\u0159esouvat couvaj\u00edc\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco 26. srpna bude M\u011bs\u00edc l\u00e1kat pozornost na sv\u016fj p\u0159echod p\u0159ed hv\u011bzdokupou <em>Plej\u00e1dy<\/em> (t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem dokonce zakryje n\u011bkter\u00e9 hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 \u010dlenky na jihu hv\u011bzdokupy), 27. a 28. srpna nab\u00eddne kr\u00e1sn\u00fd fotogenick\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edk se zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi jasn\u00fdmi planetami. Ve v\u0161ech t\u0159ech p\u0159\u00edpadech se bude <strong>pohled na nebesk\u00e9 uskupen\u00ed nab\u00edzet velmi dlouze \u2013 v\u017edy jen kr\u00e1tce po p\u016flnoci a\u017e do 5. hodiny rann\u00ed<\/strong>, kdy u\u017e jas oblohy zes\u00edl\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchodem rozb\u0159esku a objekty postupn\u011b zmiz\u00ed v\u00a0denn\u00edm sv\u011btle. Pokud bude ale obloha \u010dist\u00e1, vyjma M\u011bs\u00edce by se \u2013 pr\u00e1v\u011b s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed na\u0161eho kosmick\u00e9ho souputn\u00edka \u2013 dala na i planeta Jupiter denn\u00ed obloze naj\u00edt i bez dalekohledu.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"mwsaturn\"><\/a>Cel\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha a planeta Saturn<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2663\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2663\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2663\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha-300x207.png\" alt=\"Pohled do letn\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha-1024x706.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha-768x529.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha-392x272.png 392w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha-130x90.png 130w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha-1320x910.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Mlecna_Draha.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2663\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pohled do letn\u00ed Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>V\u00a0srpnu a v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se lze nejsn\u00e1ze kochat\u00a0<strong>nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fasekem Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy<\/strong>. Ten v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b l\u00e9ta nach\u00e1z\u00edme n\u00edzko nad ji\u017en\u00edm obzorem v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde v\u00a0tomto sm\u011bru neru\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btla ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch m\u011bst. N\u00e1dhern\u00e9 je vyhl\u00ed\u017eet Ml\u00e9\u010dnou dr\u00e1hu v\u017edy, kdy\u017e v\u016fbec neru\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdm svitem M\u011bs\u00edc. Letn\u00ed \u00fasek Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy je pozorovateln\u00fd v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f celou noc, v\u00a0\u010dervnu vrchol\u00ed v\u00a0p\u016fli noci, <strong>v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed u\u017e je nad hlavou po setm\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>. Pokud budete daleko od m\u011bst, kde neru\u0161\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0oblast\u00ed tmav\u00e9 oblohu v\u00a0\u010cesku \u010di na Slovensku \u2013 v\u00a0Man\u011bt\u00edn\u011b, Jizersk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, Beskydech, na Ve\u013ek\u00e9 Fatre nebo Polonin\u00e1ch), uvid\u00edte st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u00fd p\u00e1s hv\u011bzd s\u00a0bohat\u00fdmi strukturami a\u017e k\u00a0ji\u017en\u00edmu obzoru, kde se v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00edch \u0160t\u00edra a St\u0159elce Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha opticky roz\u0161i\u0159uje. T\u00edm sm\u011brem se d\u00edv\u00e1me do centra na\u0161\u00ed Galaxie.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2664\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2664\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Saturn.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2664\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Saturn-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"Pohled na planetu Saturn tak, jak jej zachytil v roce 2009 Hubble\u016fv kosmick\u00fd tekeskop. Podobn\u011b sklopen\u00e9 prstence bude m\u00edt i v roce 2024. Prstence jsou vid\u011bt u\u017e v mal\u00e9m hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m dalekohledu. Foto: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI\/AURA)\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Saturn-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Saturn-1024x701.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Saturn-768x526.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Saturn-130x90.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Saturn.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2664\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pohled na planetu Saturn tak, jak jej zachytil v roce 2009 Hubble\u016fv kosmick\u00fd tekeskop. Podobn\u011b sklopen\u00e9 prstence bude m\u00edt i v roce 2024. Prstence jsou vid\u011bt u\u017e v mal\u00e9m hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m dalekohledu. Foto: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI\/AURA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>V\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je celou noci pozorovateln\u00ed i <strong>planeta Saturn<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 bude v opozici se Sluncem <strong>8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 v 6:27 SEL\u010c<\/strong>. Najdeme ji pouh\u00fdma o\u010dima v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Vodn\u00e1\u0159e jako pon\u011bkud v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objekt v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti. Jist\u011b ale pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho majitele u\u017e men\u0161\u00edho hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho dalekohledu nebo n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed lidov\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1rny, nebo\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b dalekohled nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd k\u00a0t\u00e9to planet\u011b nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled i na jej\u00ed prstence. Prstence jsou p\u0159itom tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv je planeta Saturn od n\u00e1s fyzicky okolo sv\u00e9 opozice p\u0159es 1 miliardu kilometr\u016f daleko, jsou jako sv\u011btl\u00fd krou\u017eek obep\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed kotou\u010dek planety viditeln\u00e9 u\u017e ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm binokul\u00e1ru ustaven\u00e9m na pevn\u00e9m stativu. Proto je spat\u0159il u\u017e Galileo Galilei sv\u00fdm primitivn\u00edm dalekohledem na po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed a nazval Saturn \u201eplanetou s\u00a0u\u0161ima\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky sklonu osy Saturnovy rotace v\u016f\u010di rovin\u011b ekliptiky se ale i prstence jev\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b naklon\u011bn\u00e9, a pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0roce 2024 budou velmi tenk\u00e9 \u2013 budeme se na n\u011b d\u00edvat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 z\u00a0boku. Saturn tedy bude vypadat jako kotou\u010dek s\u00a0tenkou gymnastickou obru\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"zod2\"><\/a>Prvn\u00ed polovina z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: Vyhl\u00ed\u017eejte op\u011bt sv\u011btlo zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edku<\/h4>\n<p>V prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se M\u011bs\u00edc op\u011bt dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do vhodn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla \u2013 tentokr\u00e1te z r\u00e1na p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem nad v\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem. Nov nast\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>3. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024<\/strong> a M\u011bs\u00edc pak ru\u0161\u00ed jen ve\u010der \u010dili r\u00e1na jsou <strong>a\u017e do 16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024<\/strong> bezm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e1 (a\u017e do f\u00e1ze p\u0159ed \u00fapl\u0148kem, kter\u00fd nastane r\u00e1no 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, po n\u011bm se M\u011bs\u00edc p\u0159esouv\u00e1 na rann\u00ed oblohu). Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed se p\u0159itom st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b rovina zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla vykl\u00e1n\u00ed pod nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm \u00fahlem pr\u00e1v\u011b r\u00e1no p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem a neostr\u00fd ku\u017eel sv\u011btla sm\u011bruje vysoko do souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Berana p\u0159es slabou Ml\u00e9\u010dnou dr\u00e1hu v Bl\u00ed\u017eenc\u00edch, hv\u011bzdokupy v B\u00fdku nad majest\u00e1tn\u00edm souhv\u011bzd\u00edm Orionu. <strong>Za vyhl\u00ed\u017een\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla je nutn\u00e9 vyjet daleko od m\u011bst<\/strong>, nebo alespo\u0148 do m\u00edst, kde ve sm\u011bru na v\u00fdchod nesv\u00edt\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Jako odm\u011bnu p\u0159\u00edroda nab\u00eddne hned dv\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 planety vysoko nad jihov\u00fdchodem \u2013 b\u011blav\u00fd Jupiter a naoran\u017eov\u011bl\u00fd Mars.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2665\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2665\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Zodiak_Sever_Jih.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2665\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Zodiak_Sever_Jih-1024x512.png\" alt=\"Zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo (sv\u011btl\u00e9 ku\u017eele uprost\u0159ed) na mozaice ze severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed polokoule. V na\u0161ich zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch je pozorovateln\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd rok na po soumraku nad z\u00e1padem okolo jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti a p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem nad v\u00fdchodem okolo podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti, a to daleko od m\u011bst a v noc\u00edch, kdy neru\u0161\u00ed svit M\u011bs\u00edce. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek a Juan Carlos Casado.\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Zodiak_Sever_Jih-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Zodiak_Sever_Jih-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Zodiak_Sever_Jih-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Zodiak_Sever_Jih-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Zodiak_Sever_Jih-1320x660.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Zodiak_Sever_Jih.png 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2665\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zv\u00ed\u0159etn\u00edkov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo (sv\u011btl\u00e9 ku\u017eele uprost\u0159ed) na mozaice ze severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed polokoule. V na\u0161ich zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch je pozorovateln\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd rok na po soumraku nad z\u00e1padem okolo jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti a p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem nad v\u00fdchodem okolo podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti, a to daleko od m\u011bst a v noc\u00edch, kdy neru\u0161\u00ed svit M\u011bs\u00edce. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek a Juan Carlos Casado.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><a id=\"zm\"><\/a>18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed \u201evelk\u00e9ho\u201c M\u011bs\u00edce<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2661\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2661\" style=\"width: 298px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Popis-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2661\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Popis-1-298x300.jpg\" alt=\"Simula\u010dn\u00ed sn\u00edmek maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"298\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Popis-1-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Popis-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Popis-1-768x774.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Popis-1.jpg 1012w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2661\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simula\u010dn\u00ed sn\u00edmek maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>V\u00a0\u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch ve st\u0159edu 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se do\u010dk\u00e1me \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce. <\/strong>Bude sice procentu\u00e1ln\u011b mal\u00e9, ale rozhodn\u011b o\u010dima velmi p\u011bkn\u011b pozorovateln\u00e9. Toto zatm\u011bn\u00ed bude vid\u011bt v cel\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed polovin\u011b \u010ceska. P\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed ze Slovenska a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed poloviny \u010ceska M\u011bs\u00edc zapadne je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed koncem polost\u00ednov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak o\u010dima pozorovateln\u00e1 nen\u00ed. Vizu\u00e1ln\u011b tedy bude \u00fakaz n\u00edzko nad obzorem vid\u011bt cel\u00fd. P\u0159i maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi ve 4 hodiny 44 minut SEL\u010c se pono\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d do ji\u017en\u00ed poloviny zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu 8,5 procenty sv\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b bude le\u017eet 18\u00b0 vysoko nad z\u00e1pado-jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Ryb. Jen asi 3\u00b0 v\u00fdchodn\u011b od m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho kotou\u010de najdeme v dalekohledu planetu Neptun a 9\u00b0 z\u00e1padn\u011b o\u010dima viditeln\u00fd Saturn. Vysoko nad ji\u017en\u00edm a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem se v zimn\u00edch souhv\u011bzd\u00edch budou nach\u00e1zet planety Jupiter (v B\u00fdku) a Mars (v Bl\u00ed\u017eenc\u00edch). \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed potrv\u00e1 1 hodinu 3 minuty.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u016fb\u011bh zatm\u011bn\u00ed nad \u010ceskem a Slovenskem<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Za\u010d\u00e1tek polost\u00ednov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze *<\/td>\n<td>02 hod 41 min 02 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Za\u010d\u00e1tek \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>04 hod 12 min 48 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze zatm\u011bn\u00ed (8,5 %)<\/td>\n<td>04 hod 44 min 10 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Konec \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>05 hod 15 min 35 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Konec polost\u00ednov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze *<\/td>\n<td>06 hod 47 min 18 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Praha)<\/td>\n<td>06 hod 52 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>* Tato f\u00e1ze nen\u00ed o\u010dima pozorovateln\u00e1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>A nejen to: V\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy bude prob\u00edhat zatm\u011bn\u00ed, budeme z\u00e1rove\u0148 pozorovat jeden z\u00a0\u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u00fapl\u0148k\u016f v\u00a0roce.<\/strong> Jen necel\u00fdch 11 hodin po maximu zatm\u011bn\u00ed se M\u011bs\u00edc octne nejbl\u00ed\u017ee k\u00a0Zemi, a to na vzd\u00e1lenost 357 283 km. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e bude pod obzorem, ale v\u00a0dob\u011b \u00fakazu u\u017e bude k\u00a0Zemi dostate\u010dn\u011b bl\u00edzko na to, abychom pozorovali jeden z\u00a0\u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch \u00fapl\u0148k\u016f v\u00a0roce. Na mnoha zpravodajsk\u00fdch port\u00e1lech tedy jist\u011b zazn\u00ed, \u017ee spat\u0159\u00edme \u201ezatm\u011bn\u00ed super\u00fapl\u0148ku\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ov\u0161em pozor, \u201esuper\u00fapln\u011bk\u201c nebo \u201esuperm\u011bs\u00edc\u201c nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd astronomick\u00fd pojem<\/strong>. Jde pouze lidov\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed \u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho \u00fapl\u0148ku v roce, kter\u00fd je ale st\u00e1le jen asi o 15 procent v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten \u00fahlov\u011b nejmen\u0161\u00ed v roce (tedy o tlou\u0161\u0165ku p\u00e1r\u00e1tka dr\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159i nata\u017een\u00e9 pa\u017ei co nejd\u00e1l od o\u010d\u00ed). To, co ov\u0161em v\u017edycky zaujme, bez ohledu na velikost \u00fapl\u0148ku, je v\u00fdchod M\u011bs\u00edce nad obzorem. Optick\u00e1 iluze, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0161 mozek porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 velikost M\u011bs\u00edce se vzd\u00e1len\u00fdmi objekty na obzoru, v n\u00e1s skute\u010dn\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee je M\u011bs\u00edc \u201eobrovsk\u00fd\u201c. Nenechte si tedy uj\u00edt zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1pad tohoto \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zatm\u011bl\u00e9ho \u00fapl\u0148ku, nad obzorem by se mohl jevit zd\u00e1nliv\u011b velk\u00fd. O to v\u00edc stoj\u00ed za to napl\u00e1novat si fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto zatm\u011bn\u00ed za n\u011bjak\u00fdm vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm architektonick\u00fdm skvostem!<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2660\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2660\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Obloha_Popis-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2660 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Obloha_Popis-1.jpg\" alt=\"Obloha b\u011bhem \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Obloha_Popis-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Obloha_Popis-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_2024_09_18_Zat_Mesice_Obloha_Popis-1-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2660\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obloha b\u011bhem \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><a id=\"kometa\"><\/a>Konec z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, cel\u00fd \u0159\u00edjen: Nad\u011bjn\u00e1 kometa Tsuchinshan-ATLAS<\/h4>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nebesk\u00fdch \u00fakaz\u016f roku 2024 by mohla b\u00fdt <strong>kometa <\/strong>s\u00a0nev\u00e1bn\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm <strong>C\/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS<\/strong>. Tu objevily nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b dv\u011b p\u0159ehl\u00eddkov\u00e9 observato\u0159e. Syst\u00e9m <em>ATLAS<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/atlas.fallingstar.com\/\">Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System<\/a>) v\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe ji na\u0161el jako malou mlhavou skvrnku 22. \u00fanora 2023 a ten sam\u00fd objekt se poda\u0159ilo zp\u011btn\u011b dohledat v\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 observato\u0159e Zijin Shin nebo <em>Tsuchinshan<\/em>, co\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159ekladu znamen\u00e1 Fialov\u00e1 hora (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purple_Mountain_Observatory\">Purple Mountain Observatory<\/a>). Tamn\u00ed teleskop poprv\u00e9 objekt vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed jako asteroid zachytil u\u017e 9. ledna 2023. Zp\u011btn\u011b se kometu poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt i na sn\u00edmc\u00edch syst\u00e9mu <em>ZTF<\/em> (Zwicky Transient Facility) na observato\u0159i Palomar, a to u\u017e z\u00a022. prosince 2022. U\u017e tehdy na sn\u00edmc\u00edch projevovala nev\u00fdraznou komet\u00e1rn\u00ed aktivitu, co\u017e definitivn\u011b potvrdilo, \u017ee nejde o asteroid, ale o kometu. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0dob\u011b objevu m\u011bla kometa 18. hv\u011bzdnou velikost a le\u017eela od Slunce zhruba 7,3 astronomick\u00e9 jednotky daleko (v\u00edce jak miliardu kilometr\u016f daleko), v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 2024 se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ke Slunci i k\u00a0Zemi mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b bl\u00ed\u017ee. <strong>Mohla by se tak st\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edslibem mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 komet\u00e1rn\u00ed pod\u00edvan\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na pak v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u0159\u00edve bude kometa zjas\u0148ovat jen pozvolna. Na ja\u0159e 2024 ji najdou na rann\u00ed obloze majitel\u00e9 velk\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f a v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu l\u00e9ta se pozvolna vytrat\u00ed z\u00a0no\u010dn\u00ed oblohy. V\u00a0srpnu, kdy za\u010dne dosahovat jasnosti pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0mal\u00fdch dalekohledech, z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed nebude pozorovateln\u00e1, uvid\u00ed ji v\u00fdhradn\u011b obyvatel\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed polokoule, a to dost n\u00edzko nad obzorem. Na p\u0159elomu srpna a z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed by p\u0159ed zraky \u201eprotino\u017ec\u016f\u201c m\u011bla za\u010d\u00edt v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjas\u0148ovat a u\u017e v\u00a0p\u016fli z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 by mohla dosahovat jasnosti st\u0159edn\u011b jasn\u00fdch hv\u011bzd no\u010dn\u00ed oblohy. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b se bude nach\u00e1zet v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Sextantu, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0na\u0161ich zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159ek objev\u00ed na konci z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za rozb\u0159esku velmi n\u00edzko nad v\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem. Optimistick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi p\u0159itom p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee okolo 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed by hlava komety u\u017e mohla dos\u00e1hnout prvn\u00ed hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 velikosti a s\u00a0takovou jasnost\u00ed by tak kometa mohla b\u00fdt \u2013 by\u0165 za obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch pozorovac\u00edch podm\u00ednek \u2013 vyhledateln\u00e1 velmi n\u00edzko nad obzorem za pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho rozb\u0159esku.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0<strong>p\u00e1tek 27. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 prolet\u00ed kometa p\u0159\u00edslun\u00edm<\/strong>, nejbl\u00ed\u017ee ke Slunci se octne v\u00a0na\u0161ich ve\u010dern\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch <strong>na vzd\u00e1lenost 0,391 astronomick\u00e9 jednotky<\/strong> (58,6 milionu km, tedy o n\u011bco d\u00e1l, ne\u017e se u Slunce ocit\u00e1 planeta Merkur). V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b se budeme moci pokou\u0161et kometu vyhledat jen nizou\u010dko nad v\u00fdchodo-jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem okolo 5:30 SEL\u010c r\u00e1no, tedy v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy u\u017e v\u00a0jej\u00edm sm\u011bru bude velmi sv\u011btl\u00e1 obloha. <strong>Kometu bychom mohli naj\u00edt jen v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dos\u00e1hne opravdu v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 jasnosti<\/strong>. Po pr\u016fletu p\u0159\u00edslun\u00edm se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jej\u00ed ledo-prachov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro se je\u0161t\u011b pod n\u00e1porem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zah\u0159eje a v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dnech tak kometa je\u0161t\u011b zjasn\u00ed. Pesimistick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi odhaduj\u00ed zhruba 2. magnitudu (jasnost hv\u011bzd ve \u201eVelk\u00e9m voze\u201c), optimistick\u00e9 slibuj\u00ed zjasn\u011bn\u00ed na hodnoty nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hv\u011bzd no\u010dn\u00ed oblohy. <strong>Ov\u0161em jak kometa nakonec bude jasn\u00e1, se dop\u0159edu nev\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2678\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2678\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2678 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op-910x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Kometa C\/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS mezi 26. z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm a 6. \u0159\u00edjnem 2024 za rozb\u0159esku p\u0159ed 6. hodinou rann\u00ed. Pokud kometa dos\u00e1hne vysok\u00e1 jasnosti, bude viditeln\u00e1 za ide\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzko nad v\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem za pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho rozb\u0159esku. Tvary a jasnosti komety na sn\u00edmku jsou pouze ilustra\u010dn\u00ed. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op-910x1024.jpg 910w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op-267x300.jpg 267w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op-768x864.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op-1365x1536.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op-1820x2048.jpg 1820w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op-1320x1485.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/09_Kometa_Zari_Rano_op.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2678\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kometa C\/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS mezi 26. z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm a 6. \u0159\u00edjnem 2024 za rozb\u0159esku p\u0159ed 6. hodinou rann\u00ed. Pokud kometa dos\u00e1hne vysok\u00e1 jasnosti, bude viditeln\u00e1 za ide\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzko nad v\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem za pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho rozb\u0159esku. Tvary a jasnosti komety na sn\u00edmku jsou pouze ilustra\u010dn\u00ed. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Po pr\u016fletu p\u0159\u00edslun\u00edm se kometa bude k\u00a0Zemi je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017eovat a p\u0159esune se na ve\u010dern\u00ed oblohu. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b by mohla b\u00fdt nejl\u00e9pe pozorovateln\u00e1. <\/strong>Pakli\u017ee kometa dos\u00e1hne opravdu velk\u00e9 jasnosti, mohla by se d\u00e1t vyhl\u00ed\u017eet jen asi t\u0159i\u010dtvrt\u011b hodiny po z\u00e1padu Slunce <strong>extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzko nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem zhruba od 10. \u0159\u00edjna 2024<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ka\u017ed\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed ve\u010der budou podm\u00ednky pro jej\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>, kometa se bude od Slunce \u00fahlov\u011b vzdalovat a bude se tak d\u00e1t pozorovat na \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l tmav\u0161\u00ed obloze. Jej\u00ed ohon by mohl b\u00fdt pozorovateln\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy samotn\u00e1 hlava komety u\u017e bude pod obzorem. <strong>K\u00a0Zemi se kometa nejv\u00edce p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 12. \u0159\u00edjna odpoledne<\/strong>, a to na vzd\u00e1lenost <strong>0,472 astronomick\u00e9 jednotky<\/strong> (necel\u00fdch 44 milion\u016f km, tedy zhruba 184kr\u00e1t d\u00e1l, ne\u017e je od n\u00e1s M\u011bs\u00edc). Toho dne bychom ji mohli vyhl\u00ed\u017eet velmi n\u00edzko nad obzorem u\u017e za pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho soumraku a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jej\u00ed vysok\u00e9 jasnosti si ji vychutnat u\u017e prakticky v\u00a0pln\u00e9 kr\u00e1se. Bude ale zapot\u0159eb\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed m\u00edsto s\u00a0dokonale odkryt\u00fdm z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem, nap\u0159\u00edklad kopec \u010di n\u011bjak\u00e1 vyhl\u00eddka. Pokud kometa dos\u00e1hne jasnosti podle optimistick\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi (okolo 1. magnitudy \u010di i v\u00edce), bude takto vid\u011bt za soumraku i z\u00a0m\u011bst, podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0roce 2020 kometa NEOWISE.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2680\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2680\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Vecer_op.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2680 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Vecer_op-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Kometa C\/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS mezi 11. a 13. \u0159\u00edjnem 2024, v dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed k Zemi, na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze po 18:30 SEL\u010c extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzko nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Vecer_op-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Vecer_op-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Vecer_op-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Vecer_op-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Vecer_op-1320x743.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Vecer_op.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2680\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kometa C\/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS mezi 11. a 13. \u0159\u00edjnem 2024, v dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed k Zemi, na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze po 18:30 SEL\u010c extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzko nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed komety pak bude prob\u00edhat a\u017e do konce \u0159\u00edjna 2024<\/strong>, kdy se kometa sice bude od n\u00e1s vzdalovat, na obloze pozvolna sl\u00e1bnout, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se bude vzdalovat od Slunce a p\u0159esouvat na tmavou oblohu. Nav\u00edc zhruba od 18. \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159estane na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze ru\u0161it sv\u00fdm svitem M\u011bs\u00edc, kter\u00fd po \u00fapl\u0148ku za\u010dne vych\u00e1zet \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l pozd\u011bji v\u00a0noci a p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed komety tak nebude ru\u0161it. Jedinou komplikac\u00ed tak bude sv\u011bteln\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00a0m\u011bst a nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Bez dalekohledu by kometa mohla b\u00fdt pozorovateln\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b do za\u010d\u00e1tku listopadu 2024, mal\u00fdmi dalekohledy pak a\u017e do po\u010d\u00e1tku prosince 2024. <strong>Pokud tedy kometa bude dostate\u010dn\u011b jasn\u00e1, jak p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed optimistick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, bude druh\u00e1 polovina \u0159\u00edjna 2024 t\u00edm nejlep\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm pro jej\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na ve\u010dern\u00ed obloze nad z\u00e1padn\u00edm, pozd\u011bji jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2679\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2679\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Noc_op.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2679\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Noc_op-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\"Kometa C\/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze po 19. hodin\u011b SEL\u010c mezi 12. a 22. \u0159\u00edjnem 2022. Kometu najdeme v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u017edy nad z\u00e1pado-jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Noc_op-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Noc_op-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Noc_op-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Noc_op-1536x878.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Noc_op-2048x1170.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Kometa_Rijen_Noc_op-1320x754.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2679\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kometa C\/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze po 19. hodin\u011b SEL\u010c mezi 12. a 22. \u0159\u00edjnem 2022. Kometu najdeme v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u017edy nad z\u00e1pado-jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>\u0158\u00edjen 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"superuplnek\"><\/a>17. \u0159\u00edjna: \u201eVelk\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk\u201c na obzoru<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2670\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2670\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Uplnek.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2670\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Uplnek-300x200.png\" alt=\"V\u00fdchod \u00fahlov\u011b velk\u00e9ho M\u011bs\u00edce v \u00fapl\u0148ku je v\u017edy pozoruhodnou pod\u00edvanou. Zjev \u201evelk\u00e9ho\u201c M\u011bs\u00edce je ale ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e d\u016fsledkem optick\u00e9ho klamu. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Uplnek-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Uplnek-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Uplnek-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Uplnek-1320x880.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Uplnek.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2670\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">V\u00fdchod \u00fahlov\u011b velk\u00e9ho M\u011bs\u00edce v \u00fapl\u0148ku je v\u017edy pozoruhodnou pod\u00edvanou. Zjev \u201evelk\u00e9ho\u201c M\u011bs\u00edce je ale ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e d\u016fsledkem optick\u00e9ho klamu. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Jako (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159) ka\u017ed\u00fd rok i v\u00a0roce 2024 nastane \u00fapln\u011bk, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho bude M\u011bs\u00edc z\u00e1rove\u0148 proch\u00e1zet na sv\u00e9 eliptick\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze tzv. p\u0159\u00edzem\u00edm, a tedy \u00fapl\u0148kov\u00fd M\u011bs\u00edc bude \u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0cel\u00e9m roce. Moment tohoto nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na<strong> \u010dtvrtek 17. \u0159\u00edjna 2024 ve 2:47 SEL\u010c<\/strong>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b bude na na\u0161\u00ed obloze vysoko nad obzorem a d\u011blit jej od Zem\u011b <strong>bude 357 172 km<\/strong>. Samotn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze \u00fapl\u0148ku se odehraje a\u017e ve 13:27 SEL\u010c, \u00fahlov\u011b velk\u00fd M\u011bs\u00edc m\u00e1 tak smysl pozorovat a fotografovat 17. \u0159\u00edjna \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no p\u0159i z\u00e1padu M\u011bs\u00edce (okolo 7. hodiny SEL\u010c), anebo ve\u010der p\u0159i jeho v\u00fdchodu (okolo 18. hodiny SEL\u010c).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ne\u010dekejte ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd ob\u0159\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc!<\/strong> I \u00fahlov\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fapln\u011bk v roce je st\u00e1le jen asi o 15 procent v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten \u00fahlov\u011b nejmen\u0161\u00ed v roce (tedy o tlou\u0161\u0165ku p\u00e1r\u00e1tka dr\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159i nata\u017een\u00e9 pa\u017ei co nejd\u00e1l od o\u010d\u00ed). To, co jist\u011b v\u017edycky zaujme, bez ohledu na velikost \u00fapl\u0148ku, je v\u00fdchod M\u011bs\u00edce nad obzorem. Optick\u00e1 iluze, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0161 mozek porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 velikost M\u011bs\u00edce se vzd\u00e1len\u00fdmi objekty na obzoru, v n\u00e1s skute\u010dn\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee je M\u011bs\u00edc \u201eobrovsk\u00fd\u201c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2669\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2669\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2669\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-1024x714.png\" alt=\"Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti \u00fapl\u0148k\u016f v roce 2018 v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed a odzem\u00ed. M\u011bs\u00edc v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed je o 14-15 % \u00fahlov\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v odzem\u00ed. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-1024x714.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-768x535.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-1536x1070.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-2048x1427.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-392x272.png 392w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-130x90.png 130w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_SuperMikro_Uplnek-1320x920.png 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2669\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti \u00fapl\u0148k\u016f v roce 2018 v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed a odzem\u00ed. M\u011bs\u00edc v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed je o 14-15 % \u00fahlov\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v odzem\u00ed. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><a id=\"ori\"><\/a>21. \u0159\u00edjna: \u0158\u00edjnov\u00fd prach z Halleyovy komety za svitu M\u011bs\u00edce<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2668\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2668\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Orionidy.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2668\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Orionidy-240x300.png\" alt=\"Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Orionidy v roce 2020 nad v\u00fdchodoslovensk\u00fdmi sopkami. V roce 2024 bude p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Orionid ru\u0161it svit M\u011bs\u00edce. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Orionidy-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Orionidy-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Orionidy-768x960.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/10_Orionidy.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2668\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Orionidy v roce 2020 nad v\u00fdchodoslovensk\u00fdmi sopkami. V roce 2024 bude p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Orionid ru\u0161it svit M\u011bs\u00edce. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>V\u00a0pond\u011bl\u00ed<\/strong> <strong>21. \u0159\u00edjna a v\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd 22. \u0159\u00edjna 2023<\/strong> n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 pravideln\u00fd <strong>meteorick\u00fd roj Orionidy, jeho\u017e zdrojem je prach z\u00a0Halleyovy komety<\/strong>.\u00a0 Maximum v roce 2024 p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na M\u011bs\u00edc ve f\u00e1zi 4 dny po \u00fapl\u0148ku. N\u00e1\u0161 kosmick\u00fd soused bude tedy sv\u00edtit siln\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu pozdn\u00edch no\u010dn\u00edch a \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin, kdy radiant roje, prom\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed se do \u201ekyje\u201c v\u00a0severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Orionu, stoup\u00e1 nad obzor a meteor\u016f pad\u00e1 nejv\u00edce. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu maxima roje se tak m\u016f\u017eeme do\u010dkat jen t\u011bch jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch meteor\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z\u00a0\u00falomk\u016f v\u016fbec nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlasatice. Obecn\u011b Orionidy nejsou moc aktivn\u00edm rojem, ale ob\u010das vyprodukuj\u00ed i celkem jasn\u00e9 meteory, tzv. bolidy. Aktivita roje je nav\u00edc pozvoln\u00e1, trv\u00e1 d\u00e9le ne\u017e m\u011bs\u00edc, od 2. \u0159\u00edjna a\u017e do 7. listopadu, tak\u017ee maximum nen\u00ed nikterak ostr\u00e9. M\u00e1 tedy smysl se d\u00edvat na Orionidy i n\u011bkolik noc\u00ed p\u0159ed maximem.<\/p>\n<h3>Listopad 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"tau\"><\/a>Cel\u00fd listopad: Ob\u010das zaz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jasn\u00e1 Taurida<\/h4>\n<p>Na konci \u0159\u00edjna a pak <strong>zejm\u00e9na na za\u010d\u00e1tku listopadu<\/strong> by se mohly o n\u011bkolik jasn\u00fdch meteor\u016f postarat dv\u011b v\u011btve (severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed) <strong>meteorick\u00e9ho roje Taurid<\/strong>. Mate\u0159skou kometou ji\u017en\u00ed v\u011btv\u011b je kr\u00e1tkoperiodick\u00e1 kometa 2P\/Encke (vrac\u00ed se ke Slunci za 3,3 roku), kter\u00e1 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aerith.net\/comet\/catalog\/0002P\/2023.html\">prolet\u011bla kolem Slunce v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu 2023<\/a>. Severn\u00ed v\u011btev m\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na sv\u011bdom\u00ed drol\u00edc\u00ed se asteroid 2004 TG10, kter\u00fd je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b velk\u00fdm fragmentem Enckeovy komety. Je obvykl\u00e9, \u017ee proudy Taurid produkuj\u00ed opravdu jasn\u00e9 bolidy a d\u00edky jejich maximu na p\u0159elomu \u0159\u00edjna a listopadu se v\u00a0z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 ob\u010das p\u0159ezd\u00edvaj\u00ed \u201ehelloweensk\u00e9 ohniv\u00e9 koule\u201c (z angl. Helloween fireballs). Ji\u017en\u00ed Tauridy maj\u00ed obdob\u00ed aktivity trvaj\u00edc\u00ed zhruba dva m\u011bs\u00edce (mezi 10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm a 20. listopadem). Severn\u00ed Tauridy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed necel\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc pozd\u011bji (28. 10. a\u017e 17. 11., s maximem kolem 2 a\u017e 3. listopadu). P\u0159i mal\u00e9 zenitov\u00e9 frekvenci p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5-10 meteor\u016f za hodinu vych\u00e1z\u00ed jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9 maximum okolo <strong>4. listopadu 2024<\/strong>. M\u011bs\u00edc bude v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b kr\u00e1tce po novu, tak\u017ee vyhl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed meteor\u016f m\u00e1 velmi dobr\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Je \u0161ance, \u017ee p\u0159i n\u011bm zachyt\u00edte n\u011bjak\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/draft.blogger.com\/\">velmi jasn\u00fd bolid<\/a>. Jsou i p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy bolidy Taurid dos\u00e1hly pr\u00e1v\u011b jasu M\u011bs\u00edce v\u00a0\u00fapl\u0148ku a rozz\u00e1\u0159ily no\u010dn\u00ed krajinu!<\/p>\n<h3>Prosinec 2024<\/h3>\n<h4><a id=\"jupiter\"><\/a>7. prosince: Nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Jupiter<\/h4>\n<p><strong>V\u00a0sobotu 7. prosince 2024 ve 21:50 SE\u010c<\/strong> se \u201ekr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1\u201c <strong>planeta Jupiter octne v\u00a0tzv. opozici se Sluncem<\/strong>. Bude tedy na opa\u010dn\u00e9 stran\u011b oblohy ne\u017e Slunce, vych\u00e1zet bude za soumraku, zapadat za rozb\u0159esku, nejv\u00fd\u0161e nad obzorem bude o p\u016flnoci. V\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b bude Jupiter tak\u00e9 nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 d\u00edky efektivn\u00edmu zp\u011btn\u00e9mu rozptylu slune\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bude velkou \u010d\u00e1st slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla dopadaj\u00edc\u00edho na jeho povrch \u201epos\u00edlat\u201c pr\u00e1v\u011b na\u0161im sm\u011brem. Jupiter najdeme jako nep\u0159ehl\u00e9dnuteln\u00fd objekt vysoko v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka, a to i v\u00a0p\u0159esv\u011btlen\u00fdch m\u011bstech. Nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bude i ze v\u0161ech objekt\u016f po v\u011bt\u0161inu noci (ve\u010der jeho jasu v\u00a0den opozice konkuruje jen M\u011bs\u00edc a Venu\u0161e). Pokud na Jupiter zam\u00ed\u0159\u00edte u\u017e mal\u00fd dalekohled (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00edte nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed lidovou hv\u011bzd\u00e1rnu), budete odm\u011bn\u011bni pohledem nejen na zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00fd kotou\u010dek samotn\u00e9 planety (p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje rychl\u00e1 rotace Jupiteru, okolo sv\u00e9 osy se oto\u010d\u00ed za pouh\u00fdch 9 hodin a 55 minut), ale tak\u00e9 jasn\u00fdmi m\u011bs\u00edci, kter\u00e9 jej doprov\u00e1z\u00ed. V\u00a0rovin\u011b okolo Jupiteru ob\u00edhaj\u00ed <em>Io<\/em>, <em>Europa<\/em>, <em>Ganymedes<\/em> a <em>Callisto<\/em> viditeln\u00e9 u\u017e v triedru. Ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dalekohledu pak zjist\u00edme, \u017ee povrch plynn\u00e9ho Jupiteru je pokryt rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi tmav\u00fdmi a sv\u011btl\u00fdmi atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdmi p\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3085\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3085\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Jupiter-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-3085\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Jupiter-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Pohled na planetu Jupiter a jej\u00ed nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159es st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fd hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd dalekohled (nad 10 cm v pr\u016fm\u011bru) 7. prosince 2024 ve 21:50 SE\u010c, tedy v \u010dase opozice se Sluncem. Jupiter v t\u00e9 dob\u011b najdeme vysoko nad jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka jako nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objekt no\u010dn\u00ed oblohy. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Jupiter-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Jupiter-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Jupiter-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Jupiter-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Jupiter-1-1320x743.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Jupiter-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3085\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pohled na planetu Jupiter a jej\u00ed nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159es st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fd hv\u011bzd\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd dalekohled (nad 10 cm v pr\u016fm\u011bru) 7. prosince 2024 ve 21:50 SE\u010c, tedy v \u010dase opozice se Sluncem. Jupiter v t\u00e9 dob\u011b najdeme vysoko nad jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm obzorem v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka jako nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objekt no\u010dn\u00ed oblohy. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav v Opav\u011b\/Stellarium.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><a id=\"gem\"><\/a>13.\/14. prosince: Zimn\u00ed rojen\u00ed za \u00fapl\u0148ku<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2671\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2671\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Geminidy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2671\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Geminidy-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Geminid v roce 2018 nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Geminidy-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Geminidy-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Geminidy-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Geminidy-1320x880.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Geminidy.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2671\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maximum meteorick\u00e9ho roje Geminid v roce 2018 nad Se\u010dskou p\u0159ehradou. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Posledn\u00edm pravideln\u00fdm meteorick\u00fdm rojem bude v\u00a0roce 2024 <strong>Geminid. <\/strong>Mate\u0159sk\u00fdm t\u011blesem roje Geminid je planetka <em>(3200) Phaeton<\/em>, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e1 a dnes ji\u017e vyhasl\u00e1 kometa. Radiant roje se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u011b od dvou nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hv\u011bzd souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Bl\u00ed\u017eenc\u016f, hv\u011bzd <em>Castor<\/em> a <em>Pollux<\/em>. Na prosincov\u00e9 obloze vych\u00e1z\u00ed u\u017e za ve\u010dern\u00edho soumraku a b\u011bhem noci stoupaj\u00ed vysoko nad ji\u017en\u00ed obzor, kde vrchol\u00ed po p\u016flnoci. Nejv\u00edce meteor\u016f lze tedy v\u017edy o\u010dek\u00e1vat mezi p\u016flnoc\u00ed a 4. hodinou rann\u00ed. Meteory jsou pomal\u00e9 a \u010dasto pom\u011brn\u011b jasn\u00e9, se stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou radiantu stoup\u00e1 i frekvence roje. <strong>Maximum nast\u00e1v\u00e1<\/strong>: <strong>v noci ze 13.\/14.<\/strong> <strong>prosince, konktr\u00e9tn\u011b ve\u00a02:00 SE\u010c, v\u00a0dob\u011b kulminace Bl\u00ed\u017eenc\u016f<\/strong>. <strong>Bohu\u017eel, v\u00a0roce 2024 velmi ru\u0161\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc, kter\u00fd bude ve f\u00e1zi jen den p\u0159ed \u00fapl\u0148kem sv\u00edtit prakticky celou noc, tak\u017ee meteor\u016f uvid\u00edme m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vyplat\u00ed se tedy vyhl\u00ed\u017eet zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b noci, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b mezi p\u016flnoc\u00ed a 4. hodinou, kdy souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Bl\u00ed\u017eenci vrchol\u00ed a roj je v maximu.<\/strong> P\u0159es svit M\u011bs\u00edce bude mo\u017en\u00e9 uvid\u011bt alespo\u0148 jasn\u00e9 meteory, jejich <strong>frekvence by mohla b\u00fdt za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek okolo 40 za hodinu<\/strong>. Pokud u\u017e bude n\u011bkde le\u017eet sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka, nenechte se zradit mrazem a zkuste aspo\u0148 na p\u00e1r chvil str\u00e1vit \u010das pod nebem. \u201ePadaj\u00edc\u00ed hv\u011bzdy\u201c nad M\u011bs\u00edcem osv\u011btlenou \u201eladovskou krajinou\u201c jsou vskutku poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkem.<\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"hexagon\"><\/a>30. prosince: P\u0159edsilvestrovsk\u00e9 novolun\u00ed a t\u0159pytiv\u00fd hv\u011bzdn\u00fd \u0161esti\u00faheln\u00edk<\/h4>\n<p>V\u00a0pond\u011bl\u00ed 30. prosince 2024 ve 23:27 se M\u011bs\u00edc octne ve f\u00e1zi novu. Silvestrovsk\u00e9 oslavy tedy budou bezm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, a pokud je budete tr\u00e1vit n\u011bkde v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, d\u00e1l od v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst, za jasn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed se sama p\u0159\u00edroda postar\u00e1 o kr\u00e1snou z\u00e1\u0159ivou \u201ev\u00fdzdobu\u201c. Bezm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 zimn\u00ed noci toti\u017e nahr\u00e1vaj\u00ed k\u00a0vyhl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hv\u011bzd no\u010dn\u00ed oblohy pobl\u00ed\u017e slab\u00e9 Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy v\u00a0okol\u00ed majest\u00e1tn\u00edho souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Orionu. V\u00a0jeho rameni le\u017e\u00ed na\u010dervenal\u00e9 hv\u011bzda <em>Betelgeuze<\/em>, hv\u011bzdn\u00fd \u010derven\u00fd obr na sklonku sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Betelgeuzi pak ve velk\u00e9m nebesk\u00e9m prostoru obklopuj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy <em>Rigel<\/em> (noha Oriona), <em>Aldebaran<\/em> (souhv\u011bzd\u00ed B\u00fdka), <em>Capella<\/em> (souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Vozky), <em>Pollux<\/em> (souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Bl\u00ed\u017eenc\u016f), <em>Procyon<\/em> (souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Mal\u00e9ho psa) a <em>S\u00edrius<\/em> (nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzda no\u010dn\u00ed oblohy v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Velk\u00e9ho psa). Tyto v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed na nebi velk\u00fd obrazec, odborn\u011b asterismus, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd <em>\u201eZimn\u00ed \u0161esti\u00faheln\u00edk\u201c<\/em>. Nejl\u00e9pe je \u00fatvar viditeln\u00fd okolo p\u016flnoci, dokonce i z\u00a0m\u011bst. Mimo m\u011bsta jej \u201eprot\u00edn\u00e1\u201c zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha. Znovu nastane \u201ep\u0159edsilvestrovsk\u00e9 novolun\u00ed\u201c v\u00a0roce 2035 (nov 29. prosince). P\u0159\u00edmo silvestrovsk\u00e9ho novolun\u00ed se do\u010dk\u00e1me a\u017e v\u00a0roce 2043.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2672\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2672\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Hexagon.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2672\" src=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Hexagon-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Bezm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edsilvestrovsk\u00e9 noci nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled k zimn\u00edmu \u0161esti\u00faheln\u00edku. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Hexagon-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Hexagon-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Hexagon-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Hexagon-1320x880.png 1320w, https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Hexagon.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2672\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bezm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edsilvestrovsk\u00e9 noci nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled k zimn\u00edmu \u0161esti\u00faheln\u00edku. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><a id=\"zdroje\"><\/a>Zdroje a doporu\u010den\u00e9 odkazy:<\/h4>\n<p>[1] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.albatrosmedia.cz\/tituly\/47614402\/tajemna-zatmeni\/\">Kniha Tajemn\u00e1 zatm\u011bn\u00ed (nakl. Albatros, 2018)<\/a><br \/>\n[2] <a href=\"http:\/\/astro.vanbuitenen.nl\/comets\">Gideon van Buitenen<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/astro.sci.muni.cz\/zatmeni\/\"> \u2013 informace o komet\u00e1ch<\/a><br \/>\n[3] <a href=\"http:\/\/xjubier.free.fr\/en\/site_pages\/SolarEclipsesGoogleMaps.html\">Interaktivn\u00ed mapy slune\u010dn\u00edch a m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch zatm\u011bn\u00ed, Xavier Jubier<\/a><br \/>\n[4] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.seasky.org\/astronomy\/astronomy-calendar-2024.html\">Kalend\u00e1\u0159 \u00fakaz\u016f 2024<\/a><br \/>\n[5] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imo.net\/files\/meteor-shower\/cal2024.pdf\">IMO.net \u2013 kalend\u00e1\u0159 meteorick\u00fdch roj\u016f<\/a><br \/>\n[6] <a href=\"https:\/\/in-the-sky.org\/newscalyear.php?year=2024&amp;maxdiff=1\">In The Sky<\/a><br \/>\n[7] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fourmilab.ch\/earthview\/pacalc.html\">FourmiLab \u2013 P\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed a odzem\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce<\/a><br \/>\n[8] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calendar-12.com\/moon_phases\/2024\">Calendar-12.com \u2013 M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1ze<\/a><br \/>\n[9] <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C\/2023_A3_(Tsuchinshan\u2013ATLAS)\">Wikipedia \u2013 kometa C\/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan\u2013ATLAS)<\/a><\/p>\n<h4><a id=\"kontakty\"><\/a>Kontakty a dal\u0161\u00ed informace:<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Mgr. Petr Hor\u00e1lek<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>PR v\u00fdstup\u016f evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f F\u00da SU v\u00a0Opav\u011b<\/em><em><br \/>\n<\/em>Email: <a href=\"mailto:petr.horalek@slu.cz\">petr.horalek@slu.cz<br \/>\n<\/a>Telefon: +420\u00a0732\u00a0826\u00a0853<\/p>\n<p><strong>RNDr. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Gr\u00e1f,\u00a0Ph.D.<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav SU v\u202fOpav\u011b,\u00a0vedouc\u00ed\u00a0observato\u0159e WHOO! a Unisf\u00e9ry<\/em><br \/>\nEmail:\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz\">tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz<\/a><br \/>\nTelefon: +420 553 684\u202f548<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rok 2023 je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 za n\u00e1mi a jist\u011b v\u00e1m z n\u011bho utkv\u011blo n\u011bkolik vzpom\u00ednek na opravdu kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u00fakazy na obloze. Vid\u011bli jsme \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce, meteorick\u00e9 roje Perseidy a Geminidy, \u010detn\u00e9 konjunkce, z\u00e1kryt Venu\u0161e M\u011bs\u00edcem na denn\u00ed obloze, tro\u0161ku no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky, slab\u0161\u00ed kometu a neposledn\u011b tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Rok 2024 rovn\u011b\u017e nab\u00eddne zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u00fakazy! Pod nebe n\u00e1s nal\u00e1kaj\u00ed op\u011bt meteorick\u00e9 roje, i d\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed, hlavn\u011b ale p\u011bkn\u00e1 nebesk\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed planet s M\u011bs\u00edcem a neposledn\u011b tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed \u201evelk\u00e9ho\u201c M\u011bs\u00edce. M\u00e1me se tedy op\u011bt na co t\u011b\u0161it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,27,30,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-clanky","category-ukazy","category-featured"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pozoruhodn\u00e9 a vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 \u00fakazy v roce 2024 - Astro-novinky.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2023\/11\/16\/pozoruhodne-a-vzacne-ukazy-v-roce-2024\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pozoruhodn\u00e9 a vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 \u00fakazy v roce 2024 - Astro-novinky.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rok 2023 je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 za n\u00e1mi a jist\u011b v\u00e1m z n\u011bho utkv\u011blo n\u011bkolik vzpom\u00ednek na opravdu kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u00fakazy na obloze. Vid\u011bli jsme \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce, meteorick\u00e9 roje Perseidy a Geminidy, \u010detn\u00e9 konjunkce, z\u00e1kryt Venu\u0161e M\u011bs\u00edcem na denn\u00ed obloze, tro\u0161ku no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaky, slab\u0161\u00ed kometu a neposledn\u011b tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Rok 2024 rovn\u011b\u017e nab\u00eddne zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u00fakazy! Pod nebe n\u00e1s nal\u00e1kaj\u00ed op\u011bt meteorick\u00e9 roje, i d\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed, hlavn\u011b ale p\u011bkn\u00e1 nebesk\u00e1 setk\u00e1n\u00ed planet s M\u011bs\u00edcem a neposledn\u011b tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed \u201evelk\u00e9ho\u201c M\u011bs\u00edce. 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