{"id":2532,"date":"2023-08-04T16:48:17","date_gmt":"2023-08-04T14:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=2532"},"modified":"2023-08-04T16:48:17","modified_gmt":"2023-08-04T14:48:17","slug":"z-presovska-bola-zachytena-medzinarodna-kozmicka-stanica-pred-slnkom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2023\/08\/04\/z-presovska-bola-zachytena-medzinarodna-kozmicka-stanica-pred-slnkom\/","title":{"rendered":"Z Pre\u0161ovska bola zachyten\u00e1 Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 kozmick\u00e1 stanica pred Slnkom"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Prelet<\/a>
Prelet Medzin\u00e1rodnej kozmickej stanice pred Slnkom 4. augusta 2023 z Pre\u0161ovska. Foto: Peter Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opave.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S prebiehaj\u00facim letom sa Slnko dost\u00e1va v polud\u0148aj\u0161\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch ve\u013emi vysoko, viac ako 60 \u00b0 nad obzor. S t\u00fdmto faktom s\u00favis\u00ed aj mo\u017enos\u0165 zachyti\u0165 tmav\u00fa siluetu Medzin\u00e1rodnej kozmickej stanice ISS pred na\u0161ou materskou hviezdou. Ako Slnko okolo prav\u00e9ho poludnia (okolo 13. hodiny popoludn\u00ed SEL\u010c) vyst\u00fapi najvy\u0161\u0161ie, v pr\u00edpade pozorovania preletu sa ISS pred neho premieta v najmen\u0161ej mo\u017enej vzdialenosti (menej ako 500 km) od n\u00e1s a uhlovo je preto najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed. Zachyti\u0165 prelet kozmickej stanice tak m\u00f4\u017eu nad\u0161enci v spr\u00e1vny \u010das a na spr\u00e1vnom mieste aj na men\u0161ie teleobjekt\u00edvy cez bezpe\u010dn\u00fd filter. V piatok 4. augusta 2023 sa to podarilo Petrovi Hor\u00e1lkovi z Fyzik\u00e1lneho \u00fastavu v Opave. \u00dakaz pozoroval s ve\u013ek\u00fdm \u0161\u0165ast\u00edm na po\u010das\u00ed ne\u010faleko \u010cervenej Vody pri Sabinovom v Pre\u0161ovskom kraji. Trval len 0,68 sekundy!<\/p>\n

Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 kozmick\u00e1 stanica (Interntional Space Station \u2013 ISS) meria v najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161om rozmere 108 metrov a obieha asi 400 km nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchom.<\/strong> To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ak prelieta na zvolenom mieste v nadhlavn\u00edku, le\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1ve asi 400 km nad na\u0161imi hlavami a v tom \u010dase dosahuje ve\u013ekos\u0165 nie\u010do cez 60 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand. Pri takej uhlovej ve\u013ekosti je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u017e mal\u00fdmi pr\u00edstrojmi uvidie\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary, teda sol\u00e1rne panely a kon\u0161trukciu z jednotliv\u00fdch modulov. Aby ale ISS st\u00e1le zotrv\u00e1vala na svojej orbite a nespadla na Zem (\u010di naopak neuletela do hlbok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru), mus\u00ed sa pohybova\u0165 \u0161pecifickou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, tzv. prvou kozmickou, ktor\u00e1 \u010din\u00ed v jej pr\u00edpade 7,66 km\/s. Pri takej r\u00fdchlosti ISS obehne Zem raz za pribli\u017ene 90 min\u00fat a tu nast\u00e1va pre fotografov najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m: Zaznamena\u0165 ju za r\u00fdchleho letu nie je \u013eahk\u00e9. Ako jedna z ciest sa pritom pon\u00faka ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rna met\u00f3da dosta\u0165 sa do vopred vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9ho miesta, z ktor\u00e9ho sa jej pohybuj\u00faca sa silueta nakr\u00e1tko objav\u00ed pred jasn\u00fdm slne\u010dn\u00fdm diskom. Pokia\u013e ale chceme kozmick\u00fa stanicu vyfotografova\u0165 pred Slnkom uhlovo najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou, mus\u00edme ju zaznamen\u00e1va\u0165 v dobe maxim\u00e1lnej v\u00fd\u0161ky Slnka aj ISS nad obzorom av tej dobe je samozrejme stanica uhlovo najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ia. Tak\u00fdto prelet pred diskom na\u0161ej materskej hviezdy trv\u00e1 menej ako 1 sekundu!<\/p>\n

„\u00dakaz v piatok 4. augusta by bol pozorovate\u013en\u00fd v \u00fazkom p\u00e1se naprie\u010d cel\u00fdm Slovenskom, ale priazniv\u00e9 po\u010dasie nakoniec bolo len na v\u00fdchode Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho kraja<\/em>,“ popisuje Hor\u00e1lek. \u201eMal som vybran\u00e9 tri mo\u017en\u00e9 lokality \u2013 jednu ne\u010faleko Spi\u0161sk\u00e9ho Podhradia, druh\u00fa ju\u017ene od obce Kobyly pri Bardejove a tretiu medzi nimi, teda bl\u00edzko \u010cervenej Vody.<\/em>\u201c Predpove\u010f bola ve\u013emi neist\u00e1, preto\u017ee od juhoz\u00e1padu sa nas\u00favala \u010fal\u0161ia obla\u010dnos\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do na severov\u00fdchode sa e\u0161te len rozpadala . Hor\u00e1lek nakoniec zvolil lokalitu, ktor\u00e1 vyzerala z h\u013eadiska minima obla\u010dnosti najlep\u0161ie a jeho in\u0161tinkt ho tentokr\u00e1t nesklamal.<\/p>\n

\"Prelet<\/a>
Prelet Medzin\u00e1rodnej kozmickej stanice pred Slnkom 4. augusta 2023 z Pre\u0161ovska – detail. Foto: Peter Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opave.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pozorovanie 4. augusta 2023 pri \u010cervenej Vode ne\u010faleko Sabinova prebiehalo pod\u013ea predpovede<\/strong>, ktor\u00fa umo\u017enil server Transit-Finder.com<\/a>. Ten d\u00e1va inform\u00e1cie o najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch preletoch nielen ISS, ale aj \u010d\u00ednskej stanice Tiangong alebo Hubbleovho vesm\u00edrneho \u010falekoh\u013eadu pred Slnkom aj Mesiacom. Treba ale sledova\u0165 predpove\u010f priebe\u017ene, preto\u017ee dr\u00e1ha ISS i \u010fal\u0161\u00edch objektov sa neust\u00e1le koriguje a prelet tak m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 po korekcii dr\u00e1hy aj o nieko\u013eko kilometrov inde, ne\u017e bolo na str\u00e1nke uveden\u00e9 o nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed sk\u00f4r. Pre sobotn\u00fd prelet predpove\u010f ud\u00e1vala \u010das preletu na zvolenom mieste 13:37:10,34 SEL\u010c a ISS v tom \u010dase bola 500,33 km \u010faleko od miesta pozorovania. Samotn\u00fd prelet pritom trval iba 0,68 sekundy! Na pozorovanie posta\u010dil pevn\u00fd stat\u00edv, teleobjekt\u00edv (v tomto pr\u00edpade o ohniskovej vzdialenosti 1,1 metra) a apar\u00e1t s vysokofrekven\u010dnou uz\u00e1vierkou. V\u010faka priazni po\u010dasia sa cel\u00fd \u00fakaz podarilo zachyti\u0165 ve\u013emi \u00faspe\u0161ne, a to proti Slnku, na ktorom je v t\u00fdchto mesiacoch aj mnoho slne\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161kv\u0155n kv\u00f4li jeho vzrastaj\u00facej aktivite.<\/p>\n

\"Pozorovacia<\/a>
Pozorovacia lokalita a vybavenie na pozorovanie \u00fakazu 4. augusta 2023 z Pre\u0161ovska. Foto: Peter Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opave.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Podobn\u00e9 pozorovanie si m\u00f4\u017ee v nasleduj\u00facich t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och sk\u00fasi\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto disponuje aspo\u0148 400 mm objekt\u00edvom. K \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9mu z\u00e1znamu je \u010falej potrebn\u00fd pevn\u00fd stat\u00edv, k\u00e1blov\u00e1 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165 a tie\u017e vhodn\u00fd slne\u010dn\u00fd filter<\/strong> (najviac osved\u010den\u00e1 je f\u00f3lia AstroSolar od firmy Baader, \u0161peci\u00e1lne vyvinut\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve na tento \u00fa\u010del). Fotograf si najsk\u00f4r z webovej str\u00e1nky zist\u00ed, kedy a kde v jeho okol\u00ed (do dojazdovej vzdialenosti a\u017e 200 km) m\u00e1 k nejak\u00e9mu tak\u00e9muto preletu d\u00f4js\u0165. Mus\u00ed si pritom vybra\u0165 tak\u00fd \u00fakaz, kde uhlov\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 stanice u\u017e presahuje 50 uhlov\u00fdch sek\u00fand \u2013 v tomto pr\u00edpade u\u017e mo\u017eno zaznamena\u0165 aj sol\u00e1rne panely pri pou\u017eit\u00ed men\u0161ej ohniskovej vzdialenosti (okolo 400 mm). Tieto prelety logicky nast\u00e1vaj\u00fa v \u010dasoch okolo prav\u00e9ho poludnia. Potom u\u017e len sta\u010d\u00ed pod\u013ea predpovede po\u010dasia, najm\u00e4 pod\u013ea predpovedan\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu obla\u010dnosti, vyrazi\u0165 na najvhodnej\u0161ie pozorovacie miesto. Na mieste je potom potrebn\u00e9 manu\u00e1lne doostri\u0165 objekt\u00edv napr\u00edklad pod\u013ea slne\u010dn\u00e9ho okraja (u\u017e cez bezpe\u010dn\u00fd filter!) a zvoli\u0165 expoz\u00edciu nie dlh\u0161iu ako 1\/1000 sekundy. Pre ohnisk\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako 600 mm u\u017e je potrebn\u00e9 voli\u0165 expoz\u00edciu e\u0161te krat\u0161iu, aspo\u0148 1\/2000 sekundy. To preto, \u017ee kozmick\u00e1 stanica sa uhlovo pohybuje naozaj r\u00fdchlo a na dlh\u0161\u00edch expoz\u00edci\u00e1ch by sa javila rozmazan\u00e1. A\u017e v z\u00e1vislosti na expoz\u00edcii potom vol\u00edme ISO (\u010do najmen\u0161ie, ale tak\u00e9, aby sn\u00edmka nebola podexponovan\u00e1) a clonu nech\u00e1me \u010do najviac otvoren\u00fa. Na apar\u00e1te je nutn\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 sekven\u010dn\u00e9 sn\u00edmanie. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je potom presn\u00e1 \u010dasomiera, pod\u013ea ktorej za\u010dneme sekven\u010dne sn\u00edma\u0165 ide\u00e1lne len sekundu pred samotn\u00fdm \u00fakazom, aby nedo\u0161lo k preplneniu karty pr\u00edpadne pred\u010dasn\u00e9mu vybitiu akumul\u00e1tora fotoapar\u00e1tu. Podobne mo\u017eno potom pl\u00e1nova\u0165 z\u00e1znamy preletov kozmickej stanice pred splnom, ale to a\u017e v zimn\u00fdch mesiacoch, kedy je naopak Mesiac vo f\u00e1ze okolo splnu najviac nad obzorom. Pokia\u013e pozorovate\u013e disponuje apar\u00e1tom umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facim z\u00e1znam 4K videa, m\u00e1 zmysel \u00fakaz nat\u00e1\u010da\u0165 a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd obraz vygenerova\u0165 z jednotliv\u00fdch framov videa.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 upozornenie:<\/strong> Pri ka\u017edom priamom poh\u013eade do Slnka je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00fd filter, inak hroz\u00ed po\u0161kodenie zraku.<\/p>\n

\"Inform\u00e1cie<\/a>
Inform\u00e1cie o prelete ISS pred Slnkom 4. augusta 2023 pri \u010cervenej vode. Zdroj: Transit-Finder.com.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Inform\u00e1cie<\/a>
Inform\u00e1cie o prelete ISS pred Slnkom 4. augusta 2023 pri \u010cervenej vode. Zdroj: Transit-Finder.com.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kontakty a \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie:<\/h4>\n

Mgr. Petr Hor\u00e1lek<\/strong>
\nPR v\u00fdstup\u016f evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f F\u00da SU v\u00a0Opav\u011b<\/em>
\n<\/i>Email: petr.horalek@slu.cz
\n<\/a>Telefon: +420\u00a0732\u00a0826\u00a0853<\/p>\n

RNDr. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Gr\u00e1f,\u00a0Ph.D.<\/strong>
\nFyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav SU v\u202fOpav\u011b,\u00a0vedouc\u00ed\u00a0observato\u0159e WHOO! a Unisf\u00e9ry<\/em>
\nEmail:\u00a0tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420 553 684\u202f548<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S prebiehaj\u00facim letom sa Slnko dost\u00e1va v polud\u0148aj\u0161\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch ve\u013emi vysoko, viac ako 60 \u00b0 nad obzor. S t\u00fdmto faktom s\u00favis\u00ed aj mo\u017enos\u0165 zachyti\u0165 tmav\u00fa siluetu Medzin\u00e1rodnej kozmickej stanice ISS pred na\u0161ou materskou hviezdou. Ako Slnko okolo prav\u00e9ho poludnia (okolo 13. hodiny popoludn\u00ed SEL\u010c) vyst\u00fapi najvy\u0161\u0161ie, v pr\u00edpade pozorovania preletu sa ISS pred neho premieta v najmen\u0161ej mo\u017enej vzdialenosti (menej ako 500 km) od n\u00e1s a uhlovo je preto najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed. Zachyti\u0165 prelet kozmickej stanice tak m\u00f4\u017eu nad\u0161enci v spr\u00e1vny \u010das a na spr\u00e1vnom mieste aj na men\u0161ie teleobjekt\u00edvy cez bezpe\u010dn\u00fd filter. V piatok 4. augusta 2023 sa to podarilo Petrovi Hor\u00e1lkovi z Fyzik\u00e1lneho \u00fastavu v Opave. \u00dakaz pozoroval s ve\u013ek\u00fdm \u0161\u0165ast\u00edm na po\u010das\u00ed ne\u010faleko \u010cervenej Vody pri Sabinovom v Pre\u0161ovskom kraji. Trval len 0,68 sekundy!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","category-ukazy"],"yoast_head":"\nZ Pre\u0161ovska bola zachyten\u00e1 Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 kozmick\u00e1 stanica pred Slnkom - Astro-novinky.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2023\/08\/04\/z-presovska-bola-zachytena-medzinarodna-kozmicka-stanica-pred-slnkom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Z Pre\u0161ovska bola zachyten\u00e1 Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 kozmick\u00e1 stanica pred Slnkom - Astro-novinky.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S prebiehaj\u00facim letom sa Slnko dost\u00e1va v polud\u0148aj\u0161\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch ve\u013emi vysoko, viac ako 60 \u00b0 nad obzor. S t\u00fdmto faktom s\u00favis\u00ed aj mo\u017enos\u0165 zachyti\u0165 tmav\u00fa siluetu Medzin\u00e1rodnej kozmickej stanice ISS pred na\u0161ou materskou hviezdou. Ako Slnko okolo prav\u00e9ho poludnia (okolo 13. hodiny popoludn\u00ed SEL\u010c) vyst\u00fapi najvy\u0161\u0161ie, v pr\u00edpade pozorovania preletu sa ISS pred neho premieta v najmen\u0161ej mo\u017enej vzdialenosti (menej ako 500 km) od n\u00e1s a uhlovo je preto najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed. Zachyti\u0165 prelet kozmickej stanice tak m\u00f4\u017eu nad\u0161enci v spr\u00e1vny \u010das a na spr\u00e1vnom mieste aj na men\u0161ie teleobjekt\u00edvy cez bezpe\u010dn\u00fd filter. V piatok 4. augusta 2023 sa to podarilo Petrovi Hor\u00e1lkovi z Fyzik\u00e1lneho \u00fastavu v Opave. \u00dakaz pozoroval s ve\u013ek\u00fdm \u0161\u0165ast\u00edm na po\u010das\u00ed ne\u010faleko \u010cervenej Vody pri Sabinovom v Pre\u0161ovskom kraji. 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