{"id":1564,"date":"2021-11-02T06:00:12","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T05:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?p=1564"},"modified":"2021-11-16T15:15:23","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T14:15:23","slug":"kdy-za-polarnimi-zaremi-na-jare-a-na-podzim-doporucuji-opavsti-fyzikove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2021\/11\/02\/kdy-za-polarnimi-zaremi-na-jare-a-na-podzim-doporucuji-opavsti-fyzikove\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdy za pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi z\u00e1\u0159emi? Na ja\u0159e a na podzim, doporu\u010duj\u00ed opav\u0161t\u00ed fyzikov\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/a>
Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem p\u0159i pohledu z paluby Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 stanice ISS. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010derven\u00fd a zelen\u00fd odst\u00edn zp\u016fsobuje emise kysl\u00edku. Foto: NASA\/ISS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u00fakazy na obloze. Zat\u00edmco v pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblastech jsou celkem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch je jejich v\u00fdskyt vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Cestovatel\u00e9 se tedy \u010dasto za nimi vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na do Skandin\u00e1vie nebo na sever americk\u00e9ho kontinentu. St\u00e1l\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se ukazuje, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv hlavn\u00edm katalyz\u00e1torem b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou siln\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce a skokov\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed nabit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, existuj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku dv\u011b obdob\u00ed, kdy lze pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u010dast\u011bji i ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed intenzit\u011b i bez p\u0159ekotn\u00fdch jev\u016f na Slunci. A ta nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed okolo jarn\u00ed a podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti.<\/p>\n

Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v Opav\u011b z 2. listopadu 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e vznikaj\u00ed <\/strong>v\u00a0d\u016fsledku interakce nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic putuj\u00edc\u00edch kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b ze Slunce s molekulami a atomy vzduchu ve vysok\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e Zem\u011b. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00ed mezi 80 a\u017e 150 km, vz\u00e1cn\u011bji a\u017e do 400 km nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem. Za interakc\u00ed stoj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u011b protony<\/em>, elektrony<\/em> a tzv. alfa \u010d\u00e1stice<\/em> (j\u00e1dra helia se dv\u011bma protony a dv\u011bma neutrony), kter\u00e9 Slunce zpravidla produkuje b\u011bhem siln\u00fdch erupc\u00ed v magneticky uzav\u0159en\u00fdch oblac\u00edch (tzv. plazmoidech<\/em>). Zem\u011b m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u0159irozen\u00fd magnetick\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e je v\u011bt\u0161ina tohoto \u017eivotu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed odklon\u011bna. \u010c\u00e1st tohoto slune\u010dn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu se ale uv\u011bzn\u00ed v\u00a0oblastech okolo zemsk\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch p\u00f3l\u016f, kde silo\u010d\u00e1ry magnetick\u00e9ho pole Zem\u011b, a tedy i \u010d\u00e1stice proniknou do na\u0161\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry. Tam pak d\u00edky sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m s\u00a0atomy a molekulami vzduchu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0excitaci (i ionizaci) a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu vyz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b viditeln\u00e9ho sv\u011btla. \u00a0Tak vlastn\u011b sledujeme v\u00a0zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e doutnav\u00fd v\u00fdboj, jeho\u017e odst\u00edny odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm hodnot\u00e1m vyz\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 energie. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zelen\u00e1 a \u010derven\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed excitovan\u00e9mu kysl\u00edku, vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed modr\u00e9 zabarven\u00ed pak odpov\u00edd\u00e1 ionizovan\u00e9mu dus\u00edku. Ale to nejsou jedin\u00e9 emise.<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji na ja\u0159e a na podzim<\/h4>\n
\"75let\u00e9<\/a>
75let\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou v obdob\u00edch okolo jarn\u00ed a podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti. Autor: David Hathaway\/NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00fdskyt pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nen\u00ed podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd silnou slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivitou, sta\u010d\u00ed k\u00a0tomu neust\u00e1l\u00fd tok \u010d\u00e1stic slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru. Mimo ob\u010dasn\u00e9 siln\u00e9 erupce, b\u011bhem nich\u017e se p\u0159ekotn\u011b utrhne oblak s velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic ze Slunce, se toti\u017e z\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy ka\u017edou sekundou uvol\u0148uje asi 1,2 miliardy tun t\u011bchto \u010d\u00e1stic rychlost\u00ed 200-1200 km\/s. Rychleji slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr unik\u00e1 z\u00a0tzv. koron\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011br<\/em> a slune\u010dn\u00edch p\u00f3l\u016f (okolo 700 km\/s), pomaleji pak z b\u011b\u017en\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole z\u00a0rovn\u00edkov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Slunce (okolo 400 km\/s). Pr\u00e1v\u011b ten rychlej\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dal\u0161\u00edm \u201espou\u0161t\u011b\u010dem\u201c v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eDlouhodob\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ale uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee bez ohledu na intenzitu slune\u010dn\u00edho v\u011btru nebo eruptivn\u00ed aktivitu Slunce se nej\u010dast\u011bji siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e objevuj\u00ed okolo jarn\u00ed nebo podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti, p\u0159esn\u011bji v\u00a0b\u0159eznu nebo v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a \u0159\u00edjnu<\/em>,\u201c popisuje Petr Hor\u00e1lek z\u00a0Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v\u00a0Opav\u011b, kter\u00fd se vydal v\u00a0tomto t\u00fddnu z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e sledovat do Norska. D\u016fvodem, pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b obdob\u00ed jarn\u00ed a podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti nahr\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/strong>, je sklon zemsk\u00e9 osy (a tedy i zemsk\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole) v\u016f\u010di slune\u010dn\u00edmu magnetick\u00e9mu poli v\u00a0t\u011bchto obdob\u00edch. Jak vysv\u011btluje Dr. Tony Phillips<\/a>, slune\u010dn\u00ed fyzik z\u00a0NASA a spr\u00e1vce serveru Spaceweather.com, pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0obdob\u00edch rovnodennost\u00ed nab\u00fdv\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed polarit magnetick\u00e9ho pole ve slune\u010dn\u00edm v\u011btru s\u00a0polem zemsk\u00e9 magnetosf\u00e9ry, co\u017e v\u00a0n\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed trhliny propou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Tento jev je zn\u00e1m jako Russell-McPherron\u016fv podle dvou americk\u00fdch fyzik\u016f Christophera Russella<\/em> a Roberta McPherrona<\/em>, kte\u0159\u00ed oslaben\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho pole v\u00a0obdob\u00edch rovnodennost\u00ed poprv\u00e9 popsali v\u00a0roce 1973<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201eD\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole (zkr. IMF), kter\u00fdm proud\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice ze Slunce d\u00edky slune\u010dn\u00edmu v\u011btru, bylo orientov\u00e1no tak, aby se efektivn\u011bji nav\u00e1zalo na silo\u010d\u00e1ry magnetick\u00e9ho pole Zem\u011b. Pak mohou do zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry vstoupit nabit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed a vykouzlit k\u00fd\u017eenou pod\u00edvanou i bez siln\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce<\/em>,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Hor\u00e1lek, kter\u00fd se tento jev z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu vydal sledovat do \u0160v\u00e9dska a Norska. Odborn\u00edci zm\u00edn\u011bnou orientaci magnetick\u00e9ho pole ozna\u010duj\u00ed indexem \u201eBz\u201c a pokud ukazatel\u00e9 na internetov\u00fdch monitorech aktivity pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed (jako SolarHam<\/a>) nebo na online aplikac\u00edch pro \u201elovce pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c ukazuj\u00ed z\u00e1pornou hodnotu, \u0161ance ke vzniku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se prudce zvy\u0161uj\u00ed. Pakli\u017ee je hodnota m\u00e9n\u011b jak 20 (tedy ukazatel\u00e9 ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed Bz = -20 nT a m\u00e9n\u011b), jsou \u0161ance i v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\"Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/a>
Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e v Troms\u00f8 27. \u0159\u00edjna 2021 vznikla jen d\u00edky slune\u010dn\u00edmu v\u011btru bez vlivu n\u011bjak\u00e9 siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed erupce na Slunci. Foto: Petr Hor\u00e1lek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pol\u00e9vkov\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159e a m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed svit<\/h4>\n
\"Dif\u00fazn\u00ed<\/a>
Dif\u00fazn\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed seskupen\u00ed hv\u011bzd zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Velk\u00fd v\u016fz. Foto: E. Masongsong<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, leto\u0161n\u00ed studie<\/a> ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Zem\u011b si m\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e vytv\u00e1\u0159et i sama. Tzv. dif\u00fazn\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e<\/em>, kter\u00e9 s\u00a0trochou p\u0159edstavivosti p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b prom\u00edch\u00e1vanou hrachovou pol\u00e9vku, vznikaj\u00ed d\u00edky elektronov\u00fdm paprsk\u016fm urychlen\u00fdm v\u00a0elektrick\u00e9m poli v\u00a0zemsk\u00e9 magnetosf\u00e9\u0159e. P\u0159i tomto procesu<\/a> se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed druhotn\u00e9 elektrony, kter\u00e9 padaj\u00ed zp\u011bt do zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak \u201epol\u00e9vkov\u00e9\u201c z\u00e1\u0159e. Jev byl dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta z\u00e1hadou a k\u00a0jeho rozkl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed napomohla tak\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 dru\u017eicov\u00e1 mise THEMIS-ARTEMIS<\/a>, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0zemsk\u00e9m magnetick\u00e9m poli prov\u00e1d\u00ed sv\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed u\u017e od roku 2007.<\/p>\n

Za kr\u00e1sami pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed stoj\u00ed neposledn\u011b i <\/strong>n\u00e1\u0161 M\u011bs\u00edc<\/a>: Dopom\u00e1h\u00e1 k\u00a0nasycen\u00ed modr\u00e9 slo\u017eky v\u00a0jejich odst\u00ednech, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle velmi slab\u00e9 a stoj\u00ed za nimi ionizovan\u00fd molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed dus\u00edk. <\/strong>Kdy\u017e jsou tyto ionty zasa\u017eeny m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btlem, zachyt\u00ed a znovu emituj\u00ed fotony modr\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jdouc\u00ed od M\u011bs\u00edce. M\u011bs\u00edc s\u00e1m nesv\u00edt\u00ed, ale jedn\u00e1 se o rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 a odra\u017een\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Modr\u00e1<\/a>
Modr\u00e1 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e. Foto: Harlan Thomas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A co pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e v\u00a0\u010cesku?<\/h4>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\"Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/a>
Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e 30. \u0159\u00edjna 2021 byla d\u016fsledkem siln\u00e9 erupce na Slunci o dva dny d\u0159\u00edve. Navzdory velk\u00fdm o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm ale byla viditeln\u00e1 nakonec jen ze seversk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Foto: Christopher Mathews.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201eV \u010cesku se pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e vyskytuj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u011bji, ale nejsou zcela neobvykl\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0roce 2003 nastala jedna z\u00a0nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch za posledn\u00edch 50 let a v\u00a0na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch byla pozorovateln\u00e1 po cel\u00e9 obloze. Jedna velmi jasn\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1la p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0revolu\u010dn\u00ed podve\u010der 17. listopadu 1989. Naposledy jsme mohli jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i pozorovat v\u00a0b\u0159eznu roku 2015. Obvykle se z\u00a0\u010ceska viditeln\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e objevuj\u00ed okolo maxima slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity, kter\u00e9 vrchol\u00ed jednou za 11 let<\/em>,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Tom\u00e1\u0161 Gr\u00e1f z\u00a0Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v\u00a0Opav\u011b.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed erupce t\u0159\u00eddy X1 ve \u010dtvrtek 28. \u0159\u00edjna v\u00a017:35 SEL\u010c m\u011bla zp\u016fsobit siln\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e viditeln\u00e9 i v\u00a0\u010cesku, ale nakonec byly slab\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong> Oblak nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic toti\u017e na\u0161i planetu ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e minul (let\u011bl ji\u017en\u011b pod spojnici Slunce-Zem\u011b), a proto se avizovan\u00e1 pod\u00edvan\u00e1 nakonec bohu\u017eel nekonala. P\u0159edpov\u00eddat takov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je p\u0159itom velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, nebo\u0165 ze Zem\u011b pozorujeme pouze samotnou erupci a pot\u00e9 ji\u017e data z\u00a0dru\u017eic kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem oblaku \u010d\u00e1stic k\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b. Po dobu dvou dn\u00ed, za kter\u00e9 zpravidla takov\u00fd oblak putuje meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edm prostorem k n\u00e1m, nemaj\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 data, z\u00a0nich\u017e by mohli p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f zp\u0159esnit.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme ale o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00edce mo\u017en\u00fdch situac\u00ed jako byla ta v\u00edkendov\u00e1, nebo\u0165 slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivita stoup\u00e1. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed maximum slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017e okolo roku 2025. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b se na Slunci bude odehr\u00e1vat nejv\u00edce erup\u010dn\u00edch jev\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00edmi poruchami magnetick\u00e9ho pole Slunce, tak typick\u00fdmi pr\u00e1v\u011b pro slune\u010dn\u00ed maximum. Tyto poruchy jsou prov\u00e1zeny v\u00fdskytem tmav\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed na Slunci, tzv. slune\u010dn\u00edch skvrn. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce skvrn, t\u00edm v\u00edce nestabiln\u00edch oblast\u00ed, a tedy i siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch erupc\u00ed nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch tak\u00e9 k\u00a0Zemi. A t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161ance na v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

\u201ePosledn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed cykly byly ale slab\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ty na konci minul\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, tud\u00ed\u017e i pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesku bylo m\u00e9n\u011b. Slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr v\u0161ak proud\u00ed od Slunce neust\u00e1le a d\u00edky Russell-McPherronovu jevu te\u010f u\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee vycestovat za nimi do seversk\u00fdch zem\u00ed v\u00a0obdob\u00ed kolem jarn\u00ed nebo podzimn\u00ed rovnodennost\u00ed znamen\u00e1 prakticky jistotu k\u00a0jejich spat\u0159en\u00ed. Pochopiteln\u011b, pokud nebude cestov\u00e1n\u00ed zrovna mo\u017en\u00e9, r\u00e1di z\u00e1\u017eitek z\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e zprost\u0159edkujeme tak\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm na\u0161\u00ed sf\u00e9rick\u00e9 projekce v Unisf\u00e9\u0159e v\u00a0budov\u011b Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v\u00a0Opav\u011b<\/em>,\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Gr\u00e1f.<\/p>\n

Kontakty a dal\u0161\u00ed informace:<\/h4>\n

Bc. Petr Hor\u00e1lek<\/strong>
\nPR v\u00fdstup\u016f evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f F\u00da SU v Opav\u011b<\/em>
\nEmail: petr.horalek@slu.cz
\n<\/a>Telefon: +420 732 826\u00a0853<\/p>\n

RNDr. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Gr\u00e1f,\u00a0Ph.D.<\/strong>
\nFyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav SU v<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>Opav<\/em>\u011b<\/em>,<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>vedouc<\/em>\u00ed\u00a0<\/em>observato<\/em>\u0159<\/em>e WHOO!<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0a Unisf\u00e9ry<\/em>
\nEmail:\u00a0tomas.graf@fpf.slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420 734 268 124<\/p>\n

Mgr. Debora Lan\u010dov\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav SU v\u00a0Opav\u011b<\/em>
\nEmail: debora.lancova@physics.slu.cz<\/a>
\nTelefon: +420 776 072\u00a0756<\/p>\n

Bc.\u00a0Kl\u00e1ra Jan\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1<\/strong>
\nSekretari\u00e1t Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu v Opav\u011b<\/em>
\nEmail:\u00a0klara.jancikova@slu.cz
\n<\/a>Telefon: +420 553 684 267<\/p>\n

prof. RNDr. Zden\u011bk Stuchl\u00edk, CSc.<\/strong>
\n\u0158editel Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu SU v\u00a0Opav\u011b
\n<\/em>Email: zdenek.stuchlik@physics.slu.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u00fakazy na obloze. Zat\u00edmco v pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblastech jsou celkem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch je jejich v\u00fdskyt vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Cestovatel\u00e9 se tedy \u010dasto za nimi vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na do Skandin\u00e1vie nebo na sever americk\u00e9ho kontinentu. St\u00e1l\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se ukazuje, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv hlavn\u00edm katalyz\u00e1torem b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou siln\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce a skokov\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed nabit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, existuj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku dv\u011b obdob\u00ed, kdy lze pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u010dast\u011bji i ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed intenzit\u011b i bez p\u0159ekotn\u00fdch jev\u016f na Slunci. A ta nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed okolo jarn\u00ed a podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1565,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,27,30,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-clanky","category-ukazy","category-featured"],"yoast_head":"\nKdy za pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi z\u00e1\u0159emi? Na ja\u0159e a na podzim, doporu\u010duj\u00ed opav\u0161t\u00ed fyzikov\u00e9 - Astro-novinky.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/2021\/11\/02\/kdy-za-polarnimi-zaremi-na-jare-a-na-podzim-doporucuji-opavsti-fyzikove\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kdy za pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi z\u00e1\u0159emi? Na ja\u0159e a na podzim, doporu\u010duj\u00ed opav\u0161t\u00ed fyzikov\u00e9 - Astro-novinky.eu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u00fakazy na obloze. Zat\u00edmco v pol\u00e1rn\u00edch oblastech jsou celkem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch je jejich v\u00fdskyt vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Cestovatel\u00e9 se tedy \u010dasto za nimi vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na do Skandin\u00e1vie nebo na sever americk\u00e9ho kontinentu. St\u00e1l\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se ukazuje, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv hlavn\u00edm katalyz\u00e1torem b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou siln\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed erupce a skokov\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed v\u00edtr obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed nabit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, existuj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku dv\u011b obdob\u00ed, kdy lze pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u010dast\u011bji i ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed intenzit\u011b i bez p\u0159ekotn\u00fdch jev\u016f na Slunci. 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