{"id":3381,"date":"2025-11-19T14:00:42","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T13:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/?page_id=3381"},"modified":"2025-11-20T19:57:15","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T18:57:15","slug":"castecne-zatmeni-mesice-28-srpna-2026-nad-ceskem-a-slovenskem","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.astro-novinky.eu\/index.php\/castecne-zatmeni-mesice-28-srpna-2026-nad-ceskem-a-slovenskem\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce 28. srpna 2026 nad \u010ceskem a Slovenskem"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9<\/a>
\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce. Foto: George Georgatos,<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Na konci srpna 2026 se do\u010dk\u00e1me dal\u0161\u00edho pozoruhodn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed, tentokr\u00e1t\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edce<\/em><\/strong>. Nep\u016fjde o zatm\u011bn\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9, jen velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9. Z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed jej budeme moci pozorovat na rann\u00ed obloze n\u00edzko nad z\u00e1pado-jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem ji\u017e za pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak vznik\u00e1 zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce?<\/h4>\n

Zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu na\u0161eho kosmick\u00e9ho souseda zemsk\u00fdm st\u00ednem. Teoreticky by k \u00fakazu m\u011blo doj\u00edt poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy je M\u011bs\u00edc v \u00fapl\u0148ku a nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v tu dobu p\u0159esn\u011b na opa\u010dn\u00e9 stran\u011b oblohy ne\u017e Slunce. Do roka v\u0161ak nastanou maxim\u00e1ln\u011b \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed (po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me-li i nev\u00fdrazn\u00e1 polost\u00ednov\u00e1 zatm\u011bn\u00ed). Je to zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee dr\u00e1ha M\u011bs\u00edce je v\u016f\u010di rovin\u011b zemsk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy sklon\u011bna o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5\u00b0 a zemsk\u00fd st\u00edn na obloze pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 ve vzd\u00e1lenosti M\u011bs\u00edce kruhovou plochu o \u00fahlov\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru jen 1,5\u00b0. M\u011bs\u00edc proto zemsk\u00fd st\u00edn \u010dast\u011bji mine a k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu zatm\u011bn\u00ed nedojde.<\/p>\n

Pokud je m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed \u00fapln\u011bk na obloze od zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu ve vzd\u00e1lenosti men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeho \u00fahlov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br, m\u016f\u017eeme spat\u0159it polost\u00ednov\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed. Kdyby v tom okam\u017eiku na p\u0159ivr\u00e1cen\u00e9 stran\u011b M\u011bs\u00edce st\u00e1l n\u011bjak\u00fd kosmonaut, spat\u0159il by Slunce \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zakryt\u00e9 tmavou Zem\u00ed, obep\u00ednanou naoran\u017eov\u011bl\u00fdm prst\u00fdnkem na\u0161\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry. Polost\u00ednov\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed je o\u010dima patrn\u00e9 jen v dob\u011b, kdy se M\u011bs\u00edc nach\u00e1z\u00ed bl\u00edzko zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu. Vypad\u00e1 to pak, jako by n\u011bkdo m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed \u00fapln\u011bk z okraje za\u010dadil \u010dern\u00fdm kou\u0159em.<\/p>\n

\"Vznik<\/a>
Vznik zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce. Zdroj: Petr Hor\u00e1lek\/kniha Tajemn\u00e1 zatm\u011bn\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zatm\u011bn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9. P\u0159i n\u011bm se m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d nach\u00e1z\u00ed z\u010d\u00e1sti pono\u0159en v pln\u00e9m zemsk\u00e9m st\u00ednu. Pono\u0159\u00ed-li se do n\u011bj pak cel\u00fd, pozorujeme zatm\u011bn\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9. F\u00e1ze \u00fapln\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee trvat v rozmez\u00ed od n\u011bkolika minut po v\u00edce jak p\u016fl druh\u00e9 hodiny. D\u00e9lka \u00fapln\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jakou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu M\u011bs\u00edc proch\u00e1z\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm bl\u00ed\u017ee proch\u00e1z\u00ed u st\u0159edu zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu, t\u00edm je zatm\u011bn\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed. Ani b\u011bhem \u00fapln\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc z\u00a0oblohy nezmiz\u00ed, proto\u017ee na jeho povrch dopadaj\u00ed dlouhovlnn\u00e9 (\u010derven\u00e9) paprsky slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla l\u00e1man\u00e9 do vnit\u0159ku zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu na\u0161\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rou. Na M\u011bs\u00edc tak v\u00a0podstat\u011b putuj\u00ed \u010derv\u00e1nky z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho obvodu Zem\u011bkoule. Pokud je ale zemsk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bna nap\u0159\u00edklad velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm sope\u010dn\u00e9ho prachu, slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e v\u00a0zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e pohlceno a M\u011bs\u00edc je p\u0159\u00ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b tmav\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykle.<\/p>\n

Jak prob\u011bhne zatm\u011bn\u00ed 28. srpna 2026?<\/h4>\n

Prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1mkou bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se zatm\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve 4 hodiny 20 minut SEL\u010c bude pomalu se otupuj\u00edc\u00ed jas lev\u00e9ho horn\u00edho okraje M\u011bs\u00edce. Tento jev bude s\u00edlit a ohla\u0161ovat brzk\u00fd\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tek \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed. Ten p\u0159ijde ve 4 hodiny 33 minut<\/strong>. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed kotou\u010d nalezneme zhruba 14\u00b0 nad jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Vodn\u00e1\u0159e. Vysoko v Ryb\u00e1ch (nad jiho-jihoz\u00e1padem) bude Saturn, na v\u00fdchod\u011b Mars (v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Bl\u00ed\u017eenc\u016f) a na severov\u00fdchod\u011b jasn\u00fd Jupiter (v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Raka 5\u00b0 v\u00fdchodn\u011b od otev\u0159en\u00e9 hv\u011bzdokupy M44\u00a0Jesli\u010dky<\/em>). Jak bude sv\u00edtat, bude z\u00e1rove\u0148 M\u011bs\u00edc klesat k z\u00e1padn\u00edmu obzoru a no\u0159it se st\u00e1le hloub\u011bji do zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu. V dob\u011b, kdy klesne k obzoru, ji\u017e bude sv\u011btl\u00e1 obloha a barvy zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu poblednou v jej\u00edm jasu. St\u00e1le v\u0161ak bude pozorovateln\u00fd atypick\u00fd \u00fazk\u00fd srpek nezast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho M\u011bs\u00edce. V\u0161e kon\u010d\u00ed v 6 hodin 17 minut (pro Prahu, jinde se \u010das li\u0161\u00ed v minut\u00e1ch) z\u00e1padem extr\u00e9mn\u011b \u00fazk\u00e9ho M\u011bs\u00edce, co\u017e je jen 4 minuty po maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Simula\u010dn\u00ed<\/a>
Simula\u010dn\u00ed sn\u00edmek maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce 28. srpna 2026. Zdroj: P. Hor\u00e1lek\/F\u00da v Opav\u011b, P. Gabzdyl\/EAI\/Stellarium<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u011bs\u00edc se do zemsk\u00e9ho st\u00ednu v\u00a0maximu zatm\u011bn\u00ed pono\u0159\u00ed 93 % sv\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru<\/strong>, a to shora. V tom okam\u017eiku bude jasn\u011b sv\u00edtit jen velmi \u00fazk\u00e1 \u201e\u010depi\u010dka\u201c severn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho p\u00f3lu, zat\u00edmco na zbytku m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed plochy se ji\u017e budou rozkl\u00e1dat barvy v zemsk\u00e9m st\u00ednu. P\u016fjde tedy o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed. Jenom\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b maxima zatm\u011bn\u00ed bude na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska a Slovenska zapadat. K pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed je tedy pot\u0159eba naj\u00edt m\u00edsto s dokonale odkryt\u00fdm jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm-z\u00e1padn\u00edm obzorem.<\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci \u010desko-slovensk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed bude nejl\u00e9pe \u00fakaz pozorovateln\u00fd na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b \u010ceska, kde bude mo\u017en\u00e9 spat\u0159it maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi za jasn\u00e9ho rozb\u0159esku je\u0161t\u011b nad obzorem. Naopak nejm\u00e9n\u011b z \u00fakazu spat\u0159\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 z v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Slovenska, odkud bude M\u011bs\u00edc zapadat u\u017e p\u0159ed maximem \u00fakazu. V r\u00e1mci Evropy celou pod\u00edvanou uvid\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad obyvatel\u00e9 Francie nebo \u0160pan\u011blska. V z\u00e1padn\u00edm \u0160pan\u011blsku (\u010di v Portugalsku) nav\u00edc M\u011bs\u00edc zapad\u00e1 a\u017e v dob\u011b z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 polost\u00ednov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze zatm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fb\u011bh zatm\u011bn\u00ed nad \u010ceskem a Slovenskem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
F\u00e1ze \u00fakazu<\/th>\n\u010cas<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Za\u010d\u00e1tek polost\u00ednov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze *<\/td>\n3 hod 23 min 55 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Za\u010d\u00e1tek \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n4 hod 33 min 48 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze zatm\u011bn\u00ed (92.9 %)<\/td>\n6 hod 12 min 49 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Snina)<\/td>\n5 hod 46 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Ko\u0161ice)<\/td>\n5 hod 50 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Poprad)<\/td>\n5 hod 54 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica)<\/td>\n5 hod 59 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Opava)<\/td>\n6 hod 02 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Bratislava, Brno)<\/td>\n6 hod 09 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Pardubice)<\/td>\n6 hod 11 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Praha)<\/td>\n6 hod 17 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (\u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice)<\/td>\n6 hod 18 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Plze\u0148)<\/td>\n6 hod 22 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1pad M\u011bs\u00edce (Cheb)<\/td>\n6 hod 25 min SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Konec \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho zatm\u011bn\u00ed (u n\u00e1s pod obzorem)<\/td>\n7 hod 51 min 55 s SEL\u010c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

*\u00a0tato f\u00e1ze nen\u00ed o\u010dima ani fotograficky pozorovateln\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n

Jak \u00fakaz pozorovat?<\/h4>\n
\"Zapadaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/a>
Zapadaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce. Foto: Tun\u00e7 Tezel\/TWAN.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce nen\u00ed zapot\u0159eb\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdbava – \u00fakaz je pozorovateln\u00fd voln\u00fdma o\u010dima i bez dalekohledu. Pokud ale budete m\u00edt po ruce mal\u00fd dalekohled, nap\u0159\u00edklad triedr, bude mo\u017en\u00e9 si l\u00e9pe prohl\u00e9dnout m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed kr\u00e1tery, \u017ee M\u011bs\u00edc v zemsk\u00e9m st\u00ednu nen\u00ed zcela tmav\u00fd, nebo\u0165 i do t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti dopadaj\u00ed slab\u00e9 paprsky slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla l\u00e1man\u00e9 v zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Barvy zatm\u011bl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti M\u011bs\u00edce budou „hr\u00e1t“ v tepl\u00fdch odst\u00ednech, tedy oran\u017eov\u00e9, cihlov\u011b \u010derven\u00e9 nebo nahn\u011bdl\u00e9. Na okraji M\u011bs\u00edce se m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 projevit slab\u00fd n\u00e1znak tyrkysov\u00e9 barvy zp\u016fsoben\u00fd pr\u016fchodem modr\u00e9 slo\u017eky slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla zemsk\u00fdm ozonem, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e toto sv\u011btlo se nel\u00e1me, jen dopad\u00e1 na okraj zatm\u011bl\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho disku.<\/p>\n

Pokud nebude \u00fapln\u011b jasno a obloha se p\u0159eci jen v pr\u016fb\u011bhu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pokryje jemnou vrstvou obla\u010dnosti (nebude-li tedy \u00fapln\u011b zata\u017eeno), po\u0159\u00e1d lze \u00fakaz pozorovat. Dokonce samotn\u00e9 oblaky p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed M\u011bs\u00edcem mohou vytvo\u0159it zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jevy, nebo\u0165 rozptyluj\u00ed i slab\u00e9 sv\u011btlo do M\u011bs\u00edce na kapi\u010dk\u00e1ch vody \u010di krystalk\u00e1ch ledu, z nich\u017e jsou tvo\u0159eny, co\u017e obvykle p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky nap\u0159\u00edklad pro vznik hala kolem M\u011bs\u00edce, atmosf\u00e9rickou kor\u00f3nu a podobn\u011b. S \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ukousnut\u00fdm M\u011bs\u00edcem bude takov\u00fd p\u0159echod \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9ho oblaku \u010dinit pod\u00edvanou je\u0161t\u011b dramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jednozna\u010dn\u011b nesm\u00edrn\u011b fotogenickou.<\/p>\n

Fotogenick\u00e9 je i na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed zatm\u011bn\u00ed: M\u011bs\u00edc bude v dob\u011b \u00fakazu u\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b velmi nad obzorem. Pokud po\u010das\u00ed dovol\u00ed, stoj\u00ed za to si dop\u0159edu napl\u00e1novat fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed tak, aby M\u011bs\u00edc vych\u00e1zel nap\u0159\u00edklad za hradem, vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm stromem, \u0161t\u00edty hor a podobn\u011b. Kompozice s \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b \u010derven\u00fdm zatm\u011bl\u00fdm M\u011bs\u00edcem nad vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm objektem na obzoru m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st velmi poda\u0159en\u00fd fotografick\u00fd \u00falovek!<\/p>\n

Interaktivn\u011b: Jak\u00e9 bude po\u010das\u00ed?
\n<\/strong>(origin\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nka VentuSky.com<\/a>)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n